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Journey Running a Business

TB breakdown: what to do now

A step-by-step guide for cattle farmers who have just received positive TB test results. Covers immediate actions in the first 48 hours, working with APHA during the breakdown, protecting your compensation, managing your business under restrictions, and the path back to TB-free status.

Partnership

We understand this is a difficult time. A TB breakdown is one of the most stressful events a cattle farmer can face. This guide takes you through exactly what you need to do, step by step, to protect your compensation and work towards regaining TB-free status.

When your herd tests positive for bovine TB, APHA places your holding under movement restrictions. You have legal obligations to meet, but there is also support available. Taking the right steps now protects your compensation and helps you get through this as quickly as possible.

Immediate priority: If you have reactor cattle identified today, you must isolate them immediately. Failure to isolate reactors results in a 95% reduction in compensation.

What documents have you received?

You should have received:

  • TB2 notice: This places movement restrictions on your holding - no cattle can move on or off without APHA permission
  • TB181 information note: Explains your legal obligations and what happens next
  • Reactor identification: The testing vet will have marked reactors with an orange marker and fitted TB reactor tags

Keep all paperwork safe. You will need it for compensation claims and to demonstrate compliance.

Step 1: Immediate actions (first 48 hours)

These actions are mandatory and time-critical. Failure to comply affects your compensation.

Critical for compensation: Failure to properly isolate reactors results in a 95% reduction in compensation. If you cannot house reactors, ensure at least 3 metres separation from other cattle at pasture and prevent any nose-to-nose contact.

Movement restrictions now in effect

From the moment the TB2 notice is served:

  • No cattle can move OFF your holding (except to slaughter with a licence)
  • No cattle can move ONTO your holding (very limited exceptions)
  • This applies to ALL cattle on the holding, not just reactors
  • Restrictions remain until you pass the required clearing tests

If you have cattle movements already planned (sales, shows, movements to other holdings), you must cancel or postpone them. Contact buyers or show organisers immediately.

Step 2: Working with APHA during your breakdown

APHA will manage your breakdown, arrange reactor removal, and schedule follow-up testing. Cooperating fully protects your compensation and helps resolve the breakdown faster.

Reactor removal

APHA will arrange collection and slaughter of reactor cattle within 10 working days of identification. You need to:

  • Keep reactors isolated until collection
  • Have reactors available and accessible when the haulier arrives
  • Ensure reactors are clean at collection (unclean animals result in 50% compensation reduction)
  • Hand over cattle passports to the haulier

If you prefer, you can arrange private slaughter yourself using a TB24 licence from APHA. However, you will pay transport costs and receive only salvage value instead of table compensation.

Inconclusive reactors (IRs)

Some animals may show an inconclusive reaction rather than a clear positive. These animals must be:

  • Isolated and movement restricted
  • Re-tested at minimum 60 days after the original test
  • Slaughtered as reactors if they show a second inconclusive result

In the High Risk Area, Edge Area, or breakdown herds, animals that resolve from IR status are restricted to the holding where they were found for life.

Follow-up testing schedule

During your breakdown, APHA will schedule short interval tests to monitor your herd:

  • Tests are typically every 60 days
  • Tests are at severe interpretation (more sensitive than standard tests)
  • APHA arranges and pays for these surveillance tests
  • You must present all cattle for testing - missing animals can extend restrictions

Be available for testing dates. If you cannot make a scheduled date, contact APHA immediately to rearrange - do not let testing become overdue.

Step 3: Valuation and compensation

You receive compensation for compulsorily slaughtered reactor cattle. However, compensation only covers the animal's market value - not your business losses from the breakdown.

Pedigree animals: To receive the pedigree rate, you must have a full pedigree certificate from a recognised breed society issued BEFORE the reactor was identified. Retrospective certificates are not accepted.

What compensation does NOT cover

Be prepared for uncompensated costs during your breakdown:

  • Lost breeding potential or genetic value above market price
  • Business losses from movement restrictions (lost sales, unable to fulfil contracts)
  • Additional housing, feed, and labour costs while cattle are restricted
  • Cost of additional private testing (if you choose to pay for extra tests)
  • Loss of farm assurance certification or premium markets

The median direct cost of a TB breakdown is around 6,600 GBP for typical herds, rising to 18,600 GBP or more for larger herds (300+ cattle). Much of this is uncompensated.

Step 4: Managing your business during restrictions

Movement restrictions may last months or even years. Planning ahead can help you manage the financial and practical impact.

How long will restrictions last?

Restrictions last until your herd passes at least 2 consecutive clear tests (60 days apart) and you complete cleansing and disinfection.

  • Best case: 4-6 months if you clear quickly
  • Average: 12-18 months
  • Chronic breakdowns: Some farms have been under restrictions for 5+ years

Early and thorough action on biosecurity can help reduce the length of your breakdown.

Licensed movements that may be possible

With APHA approval (allow 5+ working days to process), some movements may be licensed:

  • To slaughter (red market): No additional test required
  • To Approved Finishing Unit (AFU): Clear test within 90 days required
  • To TB dedicated sale (orange market): Clear test within 90 days required
  • To another TB-restricted holding: Clear test within 30 days required

Plan ahead for any sales. Contact APHA early to request licences and check which markets or buyers can accept TB-restricted cattle.

Full TB testing compliance guide

Comprehensive guidance on testing requirements, movement rules, and compensation

Read the guide →

Financial support during restrictions

While there is no specific hardship fund for TB breakdowns, other support may be available:

Tax and cash flow

  • Compensation is taxable: Reactor compensation counts as trading income for tax purposes
  • Talk to HMRC early: If cash flow is tight, contact HMRC to discuss payment arrangements before you miss deadlines
  • Review your insurance: Some farm business insurance policies cover TB-related losses - check your policy
  • Talk to your bank: If restrictions affect your ability to meet loan payments, contact your bank early

Impact on neighbours

Your TB breakdown may trigger contiguous testing of neighbouring cattle herds. APHA will contact neighbours directly - you do not need to notify them, but maintaining good relations helps. Your neighbours' cattle will be tested at government expense.

Step 5: Record keeping during breakdown

Accurate records are essential during a breakdown. Keep all correspondence and documentation.

Prepare for farm inspections

How to organise records and prepare for APHA or RPA inspection visits

Read the guide →

Step 6: Path to regaining TB-free status

Your goal is to pass the required clearing tests and regain Officially Tuberculosis Free (OTF) status. Here is what is required:

Clearing test requirements

  1. Pass 2 consecutive short interval tests: Tests are at severe interpretation, 60 days apart
  2. Complete cleansing and disinfection: After the second clear test, C&D any housing where reactors were kept
  3. Return signed BT05 form: Confirm C&D is complete
  4. APHA serves TB10 form: This restores your OTF status and lifts restrictions

Post-breakdown requirements

Even after regaining OTF status, your herd may face enhanced surveillance:

  • More frequent testing than standard for your area (often 6-monthly for a period)
  • Animals that were inconclusive reactors (resolved IRs) remain restricted to your holding for life
  • Consider implementing enhanced biosecurity to prevent re-infection

Reducing your risk of future breakdowns

  • Wildlife management: Prevent cattle accessing badger setts and latrines; raise feed and water troughs; store feed securely
  • Cattle management: Minimise boundary contact with neighbouring cattle; use double-fencing where practical; isolate new arrivals until post-movement testing complete
  • Buying decisions: Know the TB history of herds you buy from; consider buying only from Low Risk Area herds or herds with long clear testing history

Free advice available: The TB Advisory Service (England) offers free advice and farm visits. Cymorth TB provides free vet visits for Welsh farmers. The TB Hub (tbhub.co.uk) has comprehensive online resources.

Getting support

A TB breakdown is stressful. Do not try to manage alone.

Mental health support: Farming Help offers a confidential helpline (03000 111 999) for farmers facing difficulties. The Royal Agricultural Benevolent Institution (RABI) provides financial and emotional support. You are not alone.

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A six-phase learning path for first-time applicants. Walks you from establishing whether you need authorisation, through choosing your route, building governance foundations, self-assessing the FCA's five threshold conditions, submitting through Connect, and handling case-officer scrutiny during the determination period.

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