Sector
Retail & Consumer Goods
Shops, e-commerce, consumer products, wholesale and distribution.
Start here
See all 13Packaging producer compliance journey
If you put packaged goods on the UK market — EPR fees are being invoiced now
Start a retail business - compliance essentials
Consumer law, pricing, age-restricted sales and product safety from day one
Retail compliance quick check
The established-operator self-audit
Prepare your BNPL business for FCA regulation
If you offer instalment credit at the point of sale
Respond to a Trading Standards investigation
Contacted by Trading Standards? Start here
Who regulates you
See all 46Local Authority (opens in a new tab)
Local councils enforce food safety (via Environmental Health Officers), issue alcohol licences, grant planning permission, and regulate certain business activities at local level. Responsibilities …
Enforces 27 Acts this sector relies on.
Trading Standards (opens in a new tab)
Enforces consumer protection legislation including food labelling, weights and measures, product safety, and fair trading. Part of local authority structure. Investigates food labelling breaches.
Enforces 24 Acts this sector relies on.
FSA (opens in a new tab)
Food safety and hygiene regulation across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Enforces food law, provides guidance to food businesses, investigates incidents. Approves food businesses …
Enforces 16 Acts this sector relies on.
Environment Agency (opens in a new tab)
Environmental protection in England. Regulates waste, emissions, water quality, flood risk, and environmental permits for industrial activities. Enforces environmental law and issues permits for …
Enforces 15 Acts this sector relies on.
HMRC (opens in a new tab)
Tax collection, customs duties, national insurance, tax credits, and enforcement of the National Minimum Wage. Regulates all UK businesses for tax compliance including Corporation …
Enforces 14 Acts this sector relies on.
HSE (opens in a new tab)
Workplace health, safety, and welfare regulation across all industries. Enforces the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and related regulations. Investigates serious incidents …
Enforces 14 Acts this sector relies on.
Key legislation
See all 143General rules
Common requirements that apply across industries. Conditions such as employing people or operating premises are shown only after they are known.
File your confirmation statement
File a confirmation statement every 12 months, within 14 days after your review period ends. Filing late is a criminal offence for the company and its officers.
Applies across industries.
General ruleVerify your identity for Companies House as a director or PSC
Yes, if you are an individual director or PSC of a UK company, or an individual director of an overseas company registered in the UK. Corporate directors and officers of corporate PSCs are not yet required to verify. The transition for existing directors and PSCs ends on 17 November 2026.
Applies across industries.
General ruleMandatory registrations every business must complete
Step-by-step guide to the registrations every business must complete before trading, regardless of sector. Covers HMRC tax registration, ICO data protection fee, mandatory insurance, and pension auto-enrolment.
Applies across industries.
General rulePre-trading compliance checklist
A concise yes/no checklist to verify you have completed all mandatory pre-trading requirements, including business registration, tax, insurance, licences, premises approvals, and data protection.
Applies across industries.
General ruleMeet your business waste duty of care
Understand your legal responsibilities when producing, storing, or disposing of business waste. Covers using registered waste carriers, completing waste transfer notes, and the stricter rules for hazardous waste.
Applies across industries.
General ruleCheck if you need to register for VAT
Find out if your business must register for VAT based on your taxable turnover. Covers the £90,000 threshold, what counts as taxable turnover, the rolling 12-month test, and when voluntary registration makes sense.
Applies across industries.
All guidance for retail & consumer goods
Tax & Finance
8
VAT for retail businesses
A complete guide to VAT for retailers, covering registration, pricing requirements, retail schemes, invoicing, gift vouchers, returns, loyalty schemes, and the second-hand goods margin scheme.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Use a VAT retail scheme
How to calculate VAT using a retail scheme if you sell mainly to the public. Explains Point of Sale, Apportionment, and Direct Calculation schemes, including eligibility, choosing the right scheme, and record keeping requirements.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Selling on Vinted, eBay or Etsy: tax and trading status
Selling your own used things is usually tax-free, and a platform report to HMRC is not a tax bill. If you buy or make things to sell, you are likely to be trading and must register for Self Assessment when your total gross trading income from all trades and platforms exceeds £1,000 in a tax year.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Buy Now Pay Later regulation: what businesses need to know
Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) and other Deferred Payment Credit products come under FCA regulation from 15 July 2026. This guide explains what is changing, who needs to act, how the temporary permissions regime works, and the key compliance requirements for providers and merchants.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Handle early settlement and withdrawal requests
How to handle consumer requests for early settlement and exercise of the 14-day right of withdrawal from credit agreements. Covers settlement statement obligations, rebate calculations, compensation caps, partial settlements, and the separate withdrawal process under section 66A of the Consumer Credit Act 1974.
Applies if you lend money or let customers pay over time under a credit agreement
Section 75 claims and connected lender liability
What Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 means for lenders, card issuers, and retailers. Explains how connected lender liability works, the GBP 100 to GBP 30,000 threshold, which agreements qualify, what does not apply, how claims work in practice, and the difference from voluntary chargeback.
Applies if you lend money or let customers pay over time under a credit agreement
Vaping Products Duty: get approved, pay the duty and use duty stamps
Vaping Products Duty is charged on all vaping liquid produced in or imported into the UK from 1 October 2026, nicotine or not, and every product must carry a duty stamp by 1 April 2027. This guide takes manufacturers, importers, warehousekeepers and UK representatives through HMRC approval, monthly returns and payment, and the duty stamps scheme, and tells wholesalers and retailers how to handle unstamped stock during the sell-through period.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Comply with credit advertising rules
How to advertise consumer credit products compliantly under FCA rules. Covers representative APR requirements, triggered information, social media advertising, risk warnings for high-cost credit, and the FCA financial promotions approval process.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Compliance & Legal
8
Age-Restricted Products
Understand legal requirements for selling age-restricted products including alcohol, tobacco, and knives.
Applies if you sell age-restricted goods to customers face to face
Environmental obligations for retailers
Environmental compliance for retail businesses. Covers WEEE registration, packaging waste, EPR, carrier bag charge, single-use plastics ban, Simpler Recycling, and DRS preparation.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Data protection for retail businesses
UK GDPR compliance for retail businesses. Covers customer data handling, CCTV obligations, marketing consent, loyalty programme data, breach response, and ICO registration fees.
Applies if you sell goods or provide services to individuals for their personal use
Health and safety for retail premises
Retail-specific health and safety obligations. Covers lone working, violence prevention, manual handling, display screen equipment, fire safety, first aid, and shoplifting incident procedures.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Run a retail pharmacy or optical business
Pharmacies and opticians are retail businesses regulated as healthcare providers. Pharmacy premises in Great Britain must be registered with the GPhC with a responsible pharmacist in charge whenever they are open. Optical businesses trading as opticians have General Optical Council duties. Ordinary retailers may sell only general-sale medicines in limited pack sizes.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Using 'was' prices and countdown timers in a sale
Yes, if the higher price is one you genuinely charged recently. Fake countdown timers and false 'ends tonight' claims are banned, and the CMA can fine you directly.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Run a compliant wholesale business
Whatever you wholesale, the same core duties apply: protect the personal data you hold, do not discriminate, insure your employees, manage health and safety in the warehouse, keep your premises fire-safe, and deal with your waste responsibly. Put these in place before you add the rules for the goods you trade.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Wholesale licences for controlled and excise goods
Some goods cannot be wholesaled without a specific authorisation: alcohol needs AWRS approval, medicines need a Wholesale Dealer's Authorisation, veterinary medicines need a VMD authorisation, and controlled drugs need a Home Office licence. Tobacco and alcohol also carry excise duty and track-and-trace duties. Get the right authorisation before you trade — buying from or selling as an unapproved wholesaler is an offence.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Show 29 more
Which wholesale rules apply to your business
Wholesalers sell goods on to other businesses rather than to consumers, and what you must do depends on what you trade. Controlled and excise goods (alcohol, tobacco, medicines) need a wholesale authorisation. General merchandise carries product-safety distributor duties. Food, animal and plant goods have their own registration and traceability rules. Waste, scrap and fuel are separately regulated. Work out which of these you handle and follow the right guide.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Run a petrol station or forecourt
Storing and dispensing petrol is one of the most tightly regulated retail activities. You need a petroleum storage certificate before you store petrol, strict forecourt safety procedures under health and safety law, and — only for very large storage sites — COMAH major-hazard duties. Most forecourts also sell age-restricted products, so the shop side carries its own rules.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Sell firearms, shotguns and air weapons
Dealing in firearms, shotguns or ammunition by way of trade requires registration as a firearms dealer with the police, a transaction register, secure premises, and certificate checks on every sale. Air weapons need a certificate check for Scottish buyers, and realistic imitation firearms carry their own restrictions.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Wholesale compliance checklist
A confirmation checklist for wholesale businesses. Work through the cross-cutting duties every wholesaler shares, then the section for what you trade — controlled and excise goods, general merchandise, food and agricultural goods, or waste, scrap and fuel. You may need more than one section.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Licences for selling at craft fairs and Christmas markets
Often not in your own name when the organiser's permission covers the market, but this depends on the site and local rules. Ask the organiser and your council. You are more likely to need your own street trading licence or consent for a pitch you arrange yourself in a public place. Food, alcohol, goods and payments have separate rules.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Doing business in Northern Ireland: key differences from Great Britain
Comprehensive reference of the key regulatory divergences between Northern Ireland and Great Britain. Covers employment law, equality legislation, planning, business rates, health and safety, product standards, alcohol licensing, fire safety, and the Windsor Framework dual regulatory regime.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Northern Ireland business compliance checklist
A quick compliance checklist for businesses operating in Northern Ireland. Covers NI-specific obligations including fair employment monitoring, HSENI registration, fire safety, business rates, and other requirements that differ from Great Britain.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Alcohol licensing in Northern Ireland: court-granted licences
How Northern Ireland's court-based alcohol licensing system works, including the 13 licence categories, 5-year renewal requirement, the role of the PSNI, the surrender principle, permitted hours, and how the system differs from England, Wales, and Scotland.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Appoint and manage a Designated Premises Supervisor
Every premises licence authorising alcohol sales must name a Designated Premises Supervisor (DPS). Learn about the DPS role, how to appoint one, and when you can apply for an exemption.
Applies if you sell or serve alcohol from your premises
Licence reviews and enforcement action
How premises licence reviews work, who can trigger them, what happens at a hearing, possible outcomes including suspension and revocation, and your right of appeal.
Applies if you sell or serve alcohol from your premises, or if you put on entertainment for an audience - live or recorded music, plays, dance, films or indoor sport
Premises licence: how to apply
How to apply for a premises licence to sell alcohol, provide late night refreshment, or offer regulated entertainment in England and Wales. Covers the four licensing objectives, fee bands, and the representations and hearings process.
Applies if you sell or serve alcohol from your premises, or if you put on entertainment for an audience - live or recorded music, plays, dance, films or indoor sport
Responsible alcohol retailing
Checklist of mandatory conditions and best practices for responsible alcohol retailing — Challenge 25, refusal logs, staff training, irresponsible promotions ban, and more.
Applies if you sell or serve alcohol from your premises
Transfer a premises licence to a new owner
How to transfer a premises licence when buying or taking over licensed premises in England and Wales. Covers the transfer application, obtaining consent, immediate effect requests, interim authority notices, and what to do when the licence holder has died or become insolvent.
Applies if you sell or serve alcohol from your premises, or if you put on entertainment for an audience - live or recorded music, plays, dance, films or indoor sport
Vary your premises licence
How to apply for full and minor variations to your existing premises licence — change hours, layout, activities, or conditions.
Applies if you sell or serve alcohol from your premises, or if you put on entertainment for an audience - live or recorded music, plays, dance, films or indoor sport
Minimum unit pricing compliance for alcohol retailers
How to calculate and apply minimum unit pricing for alcohol sales in Scotland, including enforcement and penalties.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Get approved and pay duty as an alcohol producer: beer, spirits, wine and cider
If you brew beer, distil spirits, make wine or cider, ferment other products or malt grain, you must hold an HMRC Alcoholic Products Producer Approval (APPA) before you start producing. This guide walks you through getting approved, submitting duty returns, registering as a wholesaler, claiming Small Producer Relief, protecting a geographical indication, licensing a taproom and controlling grain dust in malting.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Alcohol licensing in Northern Ireland
How alcohol licensing works in Northern Ireland — court-granted licences, 5-year renewal, 13 licence categories, permitted hours, and the role of PSNI.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Alcohol licensing in Scotland
How alcohol licensing works in Scotland under the Licensing (Scotland) Act 2005 — five licensing objectives, Licensing Boards, premises and personal licences, occasional licences, overprovision, and minimum unit pricing.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Premises licence (alcohol)
Apply for a premises licence to sell or supply alcohol from your business in England and Wales. Covers the application process, fees, the four licensing objectives, mandatory conditions, and what happens after you receive your licence.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Biocides and Pesticides Authorisation
Get HSE CRD authorisation for biocidal and pesticidal products.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Late night refreshment licence
Understand when you need authorisation to supply hot food or drink between 11pm and 5am. Covers what counts as late night refreshment, exemptions, local authority deregulation powers, the application process, and devolved nation differences.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
UK REACH Chemical Compliance
Understand and comply with UK REACH chemical registration requirements for manufacturers and importers.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Food and drink business licensing and compliance
Navigate the complete range of licences, registrations, certifications, and consents required for food and drink businesses across production, sales, export, and environmental compliance.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
CLP Chemical Classification and Labelling
Classify, label and package hazardous chemicals under GB CLP.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Food and drink regulations and traceability
Comply with HFSS labelling, traceability requirements, alcohol duty obligations, packaging regulations, waste disposal, and animal by-products rules.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Get a personal licence to sell alcohol in Scotland
How to obtain a Scottish personal licence under the Licensing (Scotland) Act 2005, including the SCPLH qualification, Disclosure Scotland check, application process, fees, renewal, and refresher training requirements.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Alcohol licensing requirements
How to obtain a premises licence to sell alcohol in England and Wales, including application process, fees, designated premises supervisor requirements, and licensing objectives.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Register as an alcohol wholesaler (AWRS)
If you sell alcohol to other businesses, you must register under the Alcohol Wholesaler Registration Scheme (AWRS) with HMRC. Learn who needs to register, how to apply, and due diligence obligations.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
EV Charging Infrastructure
Install EV chargepoints and access government grants.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Premises & Operations
3
Run a pop-up shop or short-term space
A pop-up needs an agreement with the space owner and a check that your use fits the unit's planning class. Selling alcohol or handling food adds a licence or registration.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Deposit return scheme: return points for drinks retailers
Usually yes, if you run a supermarket, grocery store, convenience store or newsagent in England or Northern Ireland: unless an exemption applies, such as the one for small urban shops, you must apply to register before 1 October 2027 and run a return point from that date. Pubs, cafes and takeaways must charge the deposit on takeaway sales but do not take containers back. They may choose not to charge it on drinks consumed immediately on site.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Martyn's Law for pubs, shops and venues
Only if you can reasonably expect 200 or more people at once, staff included. The duties have not started and no start date is set.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Environment & Sustainability
7
Run a hand car wash or mobile valeting business
Usually yes, in parts. England has no car wash licence, but a fixed site may need planning permission if opening the car wash involves development or a material change of use, you need your water company's consent before wash water reaches a sewer, and pay and right to work checks for everyone who works for you.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Store oil on your premises in Scotland: SEPA general binding rules 26 to 28
What a Scottish business that stores oil, including a wholesaler or oil distribution depot, must do under SEPA's general binding rules 26 to 28. The Oil Storage Regulations 2006 that many older checklists cite were revoked in 2018. The rules now sit in the Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018. There is no application and no fee, but breaching the rules is a criminal offence.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Waste carriers and hazardous waste: SEPA and NIEA rules for Scotland and Northern Ireland
What waste collectors, remediation contractors, builders and motor trade businesses must do to register as waste carriers, move hazardous waste and sort business waste in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Scotland has its own registration regime under the Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018, its own special waste system and its own recycling duties. Northern Ireland has a separate register run by NIEA and its own hazardous waste rules.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Packaging waste producer responsibilities
Who must comply with Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for packaging, how to register and report data, and what disposal fees and recycling obligations apply. Covers small and large producer thresholds, compliance schemes, PRNs and PERNs, and how EPR interacts with Plastic Packaging Tax.
Applies if your goods reach customers in packaging that you supply, brand or import
Get a water discharge permit
How to get an environmental permit for discharging liquid effluent or waste water to surface water or groundwater. Covers standard rules and bespoke permits, groundwater protection, monitoring requirements, and the difference between environmental permits and trade effluent consent.
Applies if you release liquid effluent or waste water into a river, the sea or the ground
Trade effluent consent for discharging to sewers
How to get consent from your water company to discharge trade effluent into public sewers. Covers what counts as trade effluent, when consent is needed, how to apply, prohibited substances, consent conditions, charges, and enforcement under the Water Industry Act 1991.
Applies if you put process liquids, washwater or other non-household effluent down the drain into the public sewer
Apply for a water abstraction licence
How to apply for a licence to abstract water from rivers, streams, boreholes, or other sources. Covers the 20 cubic metres per day threshold, licence types, pre-application enquiries, Environmental Impact Assessment, annual charges, and devolved nation requirements.
Applies if you take water from a river, borehole, spring or well rather than the mains
Sector-Specific
8
Price Marking for Retailers
Comply with price display requirements under the Price Marking Order 2004.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Product safety and labelling requirements
General Product Safety Regulations 2005, UKCA marking, weights and measures compliance, and labelling obligations for retailers selling in Great Britain.
Applies if you make, import or supply finished goods that end up in consumers' hands
Specialist retail licences and registrations
Specialist licences required for specific retail activities including tobacco registration, fireworks sales, pet shops, scrap metal dealing, and market trading. For general retail compliance, see the Start a retail business journey.
Applies to some businesses in this sector – open the guide to check
Consumer Rights and Returns
Understand consumer rights for returns, refunds, and replacements under the Consumer Rights Act 2015.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Ensure product safety compliance for retailers
Product safety compliance checklist for retailers. Covers supplier vetting, safety marking verification, recall procedures, OPSS reporting, and preparation for the Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025.
Applies if you make, import or supply finished goods that end up in consumers' hands
Consumer rights compliance for traders
Your legal obligations under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 when selling goods, services, or digital content to consumers. Covers statutory quality standards, the 30-day refund right, tiered remedies, and what you cannot exclude by contract.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Distance Selling and E-Commerce
Comply with Consumer Contracts Regulations for online, phone, and mail order sales.
Applies if you sell or provide services at a distance - online, by phone or by mail order
Selling knives and bladed articles
A practical compliance guide for retailers selling knives, blades, and sharp-pointed articles. Covers age verification requirements, prohibited weapons, online sales rules, Scotland's exception for domestic cutlery, and how to build a due diligence defence.
Applies if you sell age-restricted goods to customers face to face
Show 52 more
Avoiding unfair terms in consumer contracts
Part 2 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 controls which terms in consumer contracts are enforceable. Many traders unwittingly use terms that a court or the CMA would find unfair - and those terms are void even if the consumer signed them.
Applies if you sell goods or provide services to individuals for their personal use
Handle consumer complaints about faulty goods
Step-by-step guidance for frontline and customer service staff handling faulty goods complaints under the Consumer Rights Act 2015. Covers the 30-day right to reject, when to offer repair or replacement, and the final right to reject - with common staff mistakes to avoid.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Annual retail compliance checklist
Quick annual compliance verification for established retailers. Covers consumer rights, pricing, age verification, data protection, Sunday trading, fire safety, worker safety, and environmental obligations.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Avoid unfair trading practices in retail
Understand unfair trading rules under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (which replaced the CPRs 2008 from 6 April 2025). Covers misleading actions, omissions, aggressive practices, the 32 banned commercial practices, and new CMA enforcement powers.
Applies if you sell goods or provide services to individuals for their personal use
Equality and accessibility for retail businesses
Understand your obligations under the Equality Act 2010 as a retail service provider. Covers protected characteristics, reasonable adjustments for physical stores and websites, lawful service refusal, and enforcement.
Applies if you sell goods to ordinary consumers
Handle customer complaints and disputes
Set up an effective complaint handling process and understand your obligations around Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Since 6 April 2026 you must tell a complaining consumer what ADR is available, and ADR providers must be accredited.
Applies if you sell goods or provide services to individuals for their personal use
Subscription and auto-renewal compliance
Understand the new DMCC Act 2024 rules on subscription contracts. Covers pre-contract information, renewal reminders, easy cancellation requirements, and cooling-off periods on auto-renewal.
Applies if you sell subscriptions to consumers, especially ones that renew automatically
Run a compliant retail business
Every retail business — from a market stall to an online store — shares the same compliance spine: consumer rights, accurate pricing, fair trading, data protection, equality, employers' liability insurance, fire and workplace safety, business rates and the waste duty of care. Put these in place first, then add the rules for what you sell.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
What to expect when trading standards visits your shop
A routine inspection needs written notice at least 2 working days ahead, but a test purchase or an officer watching you trade needs none. Obstructing an officer is an offence.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Run a compliant motor trade business
Whether you sell vehicles, run a garage, supply parts or dismantle cars, the same core duties apply: protect the personal data you hold, do not discriminate, insure your employees, manage health and safety, keep your premises fire-safe, trade fairly, and deal with your waste responsibly. Put these in place before you take on staff, customers or stock.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Vehicle Dealer Regulation
Understand FCA authorisation, consumer rights, and trading standards for motor dealers.
Applies to some businesses in this sector – open the guide to check
Selling online: the information you must give customers
Before a customer orders, you must show who you are, the total price, delivery charges and their right to cancel, then send a confirmation afterwards. Selling through a marketplace does not pass these duties to the platform.
Applies if you sell or provide services at a distance - online, by phone or by mail order
Selling vapes, nicotine pouches and tobacco: what changes from 29 October 2026
From 29 October 2026 you cannot sell vaping or nicotine products, including nicotine pouches, to anyone under 18, and you must not have a vape or nicotine vending machine available for use on your premises, apart from vape machines in inpatient areas of mental health hospitals in England and Wales. Medical devices and medicinal products are excluded. From 1 January 2027 you cannot sell tobacco to anyone born on or after 1 January 2009.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Run a vehicle repair garage or MOT station
Repairing and servicing vehicles is not licensed in itself, but MOT testing is: only DVSA-approved stations with authorised testers may carry it out. Garages also have specific duties around air-conditioning refrigerant (F-gas) and the hazardous waste they generate. MOT testing works differently in Northern Ireland, where it is run by the state.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Sell vehicles: rules for dealers
Selling cars, vans or motorcycles brings duties beyond ordinary consumer law: you must not mislead buyers about a vehicle's history, you must display fuel and CO2 information on new cars, and if you arrange finance or sell add-on insurance you must be authorised by the FCA. Dealers who import or first-register vehicles also have type-approval duties.
Applies to some businesses in this sector – open the guide to check
Which retail rules apply to your business
"Retail" covers very different businesses — a clothes shop, a convenience store selling alcohol and tobacco, a petrol forecourt, a pharmacy, a firearms dealer, a market stall, an online store. Each has its own regulators and rules, on top of the consumer-law duties every retailer shares. Work out which description fits you and follow the right guidance.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Wholesale distributor product-safety duties
As a distributor — rather than the manufacturer — your product-safety duties are lighter but real: act with due care so the goods you supply are safe, verify conformity marking and documentation, keep records to trace supply, and act on unsafe products. Specific product categories (chemicals, electrical goods, machinery, construction products, textiles, furniture, precious metals) add their own checks.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Sell vehicle parts and accessories
Supplying vehicle parts and accessories — as a motor factor, wholesaler or retailer — brings product-safety duties for safety-critical components and producer-responsibility duties to take back waste batteries and electrical items. You must not place non-compliant or counterfeit safety parts on the market.
Applies if you sell or distribute replacement vehicle parts into the aftermarket
Run an MOT Testing Station
Maintain DVSA compliance, manage testers, handle inspections, and avoid disciplinary action as an MOT Authorised Examiner.
Applies to some businesses in this sector – open the guide to check
Set Up an MOT Testing Station
Become a DVSA Authorised Examiner to conduct MOT tests.
Applies to some businesses in this sector – open the guide to check
Sunday Trading Rules
Understand Sunday trading hours restrictions and exemptions in England and Wales.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Retail sector market overview
UK retail market statistics, ecommerce growth trends, and investment opportunities for retailers operating in Great Britain.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Plant passports for selling plants and seeds online
Usually yes, if you sell plants or listed seeds as a business online, by phone or by post, even to a home gardener. Selling in person to the public needs no passport.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Toy safety compliance in Great Britain
How to comply with the Toys (Safety) Regulations 2011 when placing toys on the Great Britain market. Covers essential safety requirements, age grading and warnings, chemical limits, conformity assessment routes, UKCA and CE marking, documentation obligations, and economic operator duties.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Prepare for CMA enforcement action
What to expect if the Competition and Markets Authority or Trading Standards investigates your business for consumer protection breaches. Covers the investigation process, new direct fining powers from April 2025, undertakings, enhanced consumer measures, and how to respond effectively.
Applies if you sell goods or provide services to individuals for their personal use
Consumer rights compliance for service providers
How to comply with the Consumer Rights Act 2015 when providing services to consumers. Covers the reasonable care and skill standard, how your words become contractual terms, pricing, timescales, the repeat performance and price reduction remedies, and the contract terms you cannot lawfully exclude.
Applies if you sell goods or provide services to individuals for their personal use
Electrical product safety compliance
How to comply with the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016 when placing electrical products on the Great Britain market. Covers safety objectives, voltage scope, conformity assessment, technical documentation, UKCA and CE marking, EMC Regulations overlap, and RoHS requirements for electrical and electronic equipment.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Make and sell candles and wax melts: CLP labelling
Yes, once a sensitiser in the fragrance oil reaches its limit, you need a CLP hazard label or a short allergy statement. If no sensitiser reaches a limit, you must still check the finished product for other hazards before concluding that no CLP label is needed.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Make and sell jewellery: hallmarking rules
Usually yes: silver you sell as silver needs a UK hallmark unless the piece is light enough to be exempt. You must also display the Dealer's Notice and keep nickel, cadmium and lead within the legal limits.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Sell homemade soap and skincare
Yes. Soap and skincare are cosmetic products, with no exemption for home makers. Before your first sale you need a Responsible Person, a signed safety report and, in Great Britain, an SCPN notification. Northern Ireland uses the EU CPNP system instead.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Scottish feed, animal transport and animal by-products: register, authorise and dispose
What a Scottish feed merchant, livestock haulier, dealer, abattoir supplier or farm must do to register as a feed business with Food Standards Scotland, get a transporter authorisation for animal journeys, and collect and dispose of animal by-products and fallen stock. Scotland has its own regulations and its own enforcers for each.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Run a vehicle dismantler or salvage business
Dismantling, salvaging and scrapping vehicles is one of the most regulated parts of the motor trade. To depollute and scrap end-of-life vehicles you need an environmental permit and Authorised Treatment Facility status — only an ATF can issue the Certificate of Destruction — and to trade in scrap or salvage you need a scrap metal dealer licence.
Applies if you dismantle or salvage vehicles for parts or scrap, including treating end-of-life vehicles
Which motor trade rules apply to your business
"Motor trade" covers very different businesses — selling cars and motorcycles as a dealer, repairing and MOT-testing vehicles in a garage, selling parts and accessories, or dismantling and scrapping end-of-life vehicles. Each has its own regulators and rules, on top of the duties they all share. Work out which description fits you and follow the right guide.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Selling energy drinks to under-16s
Yes, for now: no law in England sets a minimum age to buy energy drinks. The government plans to ban sales to under-16s from April 2027, but it has not made the rules yet.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Motor trade compliance checklist
A confirmation checklist for motor trade businesses. Work through the cross-cutting duties every motor business shares, then the section for what you do — selling vehicles, repair and MOT, parts, or dismantling and salvage. Several duties differ by nation, so check the rule for where you operate.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Distance and off-premises selling requirements
Your legal obligations when selling to consumers online, by phone, by mail order, or at their home. Covers the 14-day cancellation right, pre-contract information requirements, refund obligations, and exemptions under the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013.
Applies if you sell or provide services at a distance - online, by phone or by mail order
Food traceability, withdrawal, and recall
Maintain food traceability records using the one step back, one step forward principle, and follow the correct procedures if you need to withdraw or recall unsafe food.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
Selling cakes and food you make at home
Usually yes, if you register your home with your council at least 28 days before you start trading and give customers the allergen information the law requires. You do not need a food hygiene certificate, but you must make sure anyone handling food is supervised and instructed and/or trained for their work.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Card surcharges, minimum spends and refusing cash
You cannot charge extra for payment by a consumer credit, debit or charge card, but you can refuse cash or set a minimum card spend. Tell customers about any limit before they buy.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Licences for dog boarding, day care and other pet care work
Usually yes in England if you board dogs or cats or run dog day care: you need an animal activity licence from your council. Grooming and dog walking are outside the licensing scheme unless the service amounts to dog day care, but local licences, permits and dog limits can apply.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Gift voucher expiry dates, refunds and VAT
Yes, if the term is fair, plain and shown before the customer buys. You need not give change from a part-used voucher unless your terms promise it.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Set up and run a compliant farm shop
How to register, comply with food safety, and handle VAT when selling produce directly from your farm. Covers food business registration, HACCP requirements, and VAT treatment of different products.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Selling food online: labelling and safety requirements
Comply with distance selling rules when selling food online, including providing mandatory food information before purchase, allergen labelling at two points, and maintaining safe delivery temperatures.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
MHRA authorisation for medicines and medical devices
How to obtain MHRA authorisation for medicines and medical devices in the UK. Covers Marketing Authorisations, wholesale dealer licences, manufacturer licences, and medical device registration including UKCA vs CE marking.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
MHRA licensing for medicines and medical devices
MHRA licensing requirements for manufacturing, distributing, and importing medicines and medical devices in the UK.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Food business registration
Register your food business with your local authority before starting operations.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Allergen control systems and Natasha's Law
Implement comprehensive allergen management systems and comply with Natasha's Law PPDS labelling requirements.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Register and run a food business
How to register your food business with your local authority, meet food hygiene requirements, and achieve a good food hygiene rating. Essential compliance for all food businesses including home-based and mobile.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Register a food business in Wales
How to register a food business with one of the 22 Welsh local authorities. Covers the Welsh-specific registration process, bilingual forms, what happens after registration, and key differences from the England registration system.
Relevant to a specific activity in this sector.
Product safety compliance checklist for the GB market
Compliance checklist for businesses placing consumer products on the Great Britain market. Covers the general safety requirement, UKCA marking and documentation, traceability, supply chain roles, record keeping, and recall preparedness under the General Product Safety Regulations 2005, Consumer Protection Act 1987, and Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025.
Applies if you make, import or supply finished goods that end up in consumers' hands
Assess whether your product meets the general safety requirement
How to carry out a product safety risk assessment to determine whether your product meets the general safety requirement under the General Product Safety Regulations 2005. Covers the OPSS PRISM methodology, designated standards, documenting your assessment, and building a due diligence defence.
Applies if you make, import or supply finished goods that end up in consumers' hands
Product standards and CE marking for the Northern Ireland market
How product standards and marking requirements differ for the Northern Ireland market under the Windsor Framework. Covers CE marking requirements, why UKCA marking is not valid in NI, the EU General Product Safety Regulation applying in NI from December 2024, and dual compliance obligations for businesses selling across the whole UK.
Relevant across several parts of this sector.
All journeys
Grow your retail business
Scale your retail business - expand online, open new locations, build your team, and manage increased compliance as …
Start a retail business - compliance essentials
A comprehensive compliance onboarding journey for new retailers. Covers consumer rights, pricing law, age-restricted sales, product safety, data …
Open a shop
Start a retail business and open your first shop
Respond to a Trading Standards investigation
What to do if Trading Standards has contacted you, visited your premises, or conducted a test purchase. Covers …
Retail compliance quick check
Quick compliance check for experienced retailers. Covers consumer rights, price marking, age-restricted sales, and annual compliance obligations.
Set up a motor trade business
A step-by-step path for setting up a motor trade business of any kind — selling cars and motorcycles …
Set up a wholesale business
A step-by-step path for setting up a wholesale business of any kind — supplying controlled or excise goods, …
Meet food safety requirements for your business
Register, implement HACCP, and comply with food safety law including allergen requirements
Start a food business for the first time
Everything you need to do before opening a food business. Covers registration, premises, HACCP, training, allergens, labelling, and …
Improve your food hygiene rating
Practical steps to improve a poor food hygiene rating. Understand what inspectors scored, fix the issues, and request …
Food safety quick compliance check
A quick compliance check for food business operators. Covers registration, HACCP, allergens, temperature control, training, and record keeping.
Respond to a food safety incident
Immediate steps when unsafe food is discovered or a customer reports illness. Stop selling, withdraw the product, notify …
Product compliance for manufacturers
Learn how to ensure your products meet UK safety and marking requirements before placing them on the market
Subsectors
SIC 2007 divisions covered by this sector.