UK Act of Parliament 1995 United Kingdom

Disability Discrimination Act 1995

At a glance

Enforced by

RQIA

What's here

33 compliance obligations, 3 practical guides · 4 journeys

Penalty landscape

4 of 33 obligations carry an unlimited fine. 8 carry different penalties and 21 have no criminal penalty — flagged in the list below.

Who this Act binds

Business-side actors with duties under this Act, ranked by how often they appear.

  • Any Person 22
  • Employer 3
  • Responsible Person 1
  • Operator 1

Plus 6 non-business duties on Crown ministers, regulators, local authorities or tribunals — shown collapsed under each section below.

Step-by-step journeys using this legislation

Walkthroughs that take you from a real business situation to compliance.

Relevant guidance

Practical guides for businesses affected by this Act, ordered by how closely they engage with it.

Direct — cites this Act

1 guides

Other Acts binding the same actors

For each actor bound by this Act, the other UK Acts that bind them most often. Useful for understanding the full compliance landscape facing each role.

Any Person also bound by 2338 other Acts (top 5 shown)
Employers also bound by 694 other Acts (top 5 shown)
Responsible Persons also bound by 104 other Acts (top 5 shown)
Operators also bound by 730 other Acts (top 5 shown)

What this Act requires

Sections that create concrete duties on businesses or carry penalties. Procedural and definitional sections are folded into the “Browse other sections” expander at the bottom of each group. Click any section title to read the source text on legislation.gov.uk.

Part I — Disability

Browse 3 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part II — THE EMPLOYMENT FIELD AND DISTRICT COUNCILS

s.004

Employers: duty to make adjustments

  • Make reasonable adjustments for disabled employees and job applicants Employer
s.004

Office-holders: duty to make adjustments

  • Make reasonable adjustments for disabled office-holders Responsible Person
s.004

Occupational pension schemes: duty to make adjustments

  • Make reasonable adjustments to occupational pension schemes Employer
s.006

Partnerships: duty to make adjustments

Unlimited fine
  • Make reasonable adjustments for disabled partners Any Person
s.007

Barristers: duty to make adjustments

  • Barristers and chambers must make reasonable adjustments for disabled people Any Person
s.007

Advocates: duty to make adjustments

  • Advocates must make reasonable adjustments for disabled persons Any Person
s.014

Qualifications bodies: duty to make adjustments

  • Make reasonable adjustments for disabled people in professional qualifications Any Person
s.014

Practical work experience: duty to make adjustments

  • Make reasonable adjustments for people on practical work experience Any Person
s.015

Authorities and their members: duty to make adjustments

  • Authorities must make reasonable adjustments for disabled members Any Person
Browse 42 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.003

Meaning of “discrimination”

s.003

Meaning of “harassment”

s.004

Contract workers

s.004

Office-holders: introductory

s.004

Office-holders: discrimination and harassment

s.004

Office-holders: supplementary

s.004

Occupational pension schemes: non-discrimination rule

s.004

Occupational pension schemes: procedure

s.004

Occupational pension schemes: remedies

s.004

Occupational pension schemes: supplementary

s.006

Partnerships: discrimination and harassment

s.006

Partnerships: supplementary

s.007

Barristers: discrimination and harassment

s.007

Advocates: discrimination and harassment

s.014

Qualifications bodies: discrimination and harassment

s.014

Practical work experience: discrimination and harassment

s.015

Interpretation of sections 15B and 15C

s.015

Authorities and their members: discrimination and harassment

s.016

Relationships which have come to an end

s.016

Discriminatory advertisements

s.016

Instructions and pressure to discriminate

s.017

Enforcement, remedies and procedure.

s.017

Enforcement of sections 16B(1) and 16C

s.017

Validity of contracts, collective agreements and rules of undertakings

s.018

Alterations to premises occupied under leases.

s.018

Reasonable adjustments: supplementary

s.018

Charities and support for particular groups of persons.

s.018

Interpretation of Part 2

s.018

Premises provided otherwise than in course of a Part 2 relationship

Part III — Discrimination in Other Areas

s.021

Duty to make adjustments

  • Private clubs and associations must make reasonable adjustments for disabled people Any Person
s.024

Let premises: discrimination in failing to comply with duty

Unlimited fine
  • Do not discriminate when failing to make reasonable adjustments to let property Any Person
s.024

Duty for purposes of section 24A(2) to provide auxiliary aid or service

  • Provide auxiliary aids or services for disabled persons in let premises Any Person
s.024

Duty for purposes of section 24A(2) to change practices, terms etc

  • Adjust business practices to avoid discriminating against disabled people Any Person
s.024

Premises that are to let: discrimination in failing to comply with duty

Unlimited fine
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
  • RQIA must enforce compliance regarding premises for let Statutory regulator
Browse 28 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.021

Employment services

s.021

Discrimination by public authorities

s.021

Exceptions from section 21B(1)

s.021

Meaning of “discrimination” in section 21B

s.021

Duties for purposes of section 21D(2) to make adjustments

s.021

Discrimination by private clubs etc.

s.021

Meaning of “discrimination”

s.021

“Member”, “associate” and “guest”

s.021

Application of sections 19 to 21 to transport vehicles

s.022

Commonholds

s.024

Exceptions to section 24A(1)

s.024

Sections 24C and 24D: supplementary and interpretation

s.024

Let premises: victimisation of persons to whom premises are let

s.024

Exceptions to section 24G(1)

s.024

Duties for purposes of section 24G(2)

s.024

Let premises and premises that are to let: justification

s.024

Sections 24 to 24K: power to make supplementary provision

s.024

Premises provisions do not apply where other provisions operate

Part IV — Education

s.028

Duty of education authorities not to discriminate

Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
  • Education authorities must not discriminate against disabled students Local authority
s.028

Residual duty: supplementary provisions

  • Avoid discrimination against disabled people in any circumstance Any Person
s.031

General qualifications bodies: duty to make adjustments

  • Qualifications bodies must make reasonable adjustments for disabled people Any Person
s.031

Chapter 2A: duty to consult before making regulations

Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
  • Secretary of State must consult before making regulations Crown / Minister / Government department
Browse 43 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.028

Discrimination against disabled pupils and prospective pupils

s.028

Meaning of “discrimination”

s.028

Disabled pupils not to be substantially disadvantaged

s.028

Accessibility strategies and plans

s.028

Accessibility strategies and plans: procedure

s.028

Tribunals

s.028

Jurisdiction and powers of the Tribunal - England and Wales

s.028

Jurisdiction and powers of the Tribunal – Wales

s.028

Case friends — Wales

s.028

Advice and information — Wales

s.028

Resolution of disputes — Wales

s.028

Independent advocacy services — Wales

s.028

Procedure

s.028

Appeal from the Welsh Tribunal to the Upper Tribunal

s.028

Admissions

s.028

Exclusions

s.028

Roles of the Secretary of State and the Welsh Ministers

s.028

Civil proceedings

s.028

Validity and revision of agreements of responsible bodies

s.028

Interpretation

s.028

Discrimination against disabled students and prospective students

s.028

Meaning of “discrimination”

s.028

Meaning of “harassment“

s.028

Responsible bodies' duties to make adjustments

s.028

Further education etc. provided by local authorities and schools

s.028

Relationships which have come to an end

s.028

Instructions and pressure to discriminate

s.028

Discriminatory advertisements

s.028

Enforcement, remedies and procedure

s.028

Occupation of premises by educational institutions

s.028

Validity and revision of agreements

s.031

Interpretation

s.031

General qualifications bodies: discrimination and harassment

s.031

Meaning of “discrimination”

s.031

Meaning of “harassment”

s.031

Enforcement, remedies and procedures

s.031

Alterations to premises occupied under leases

s.031

Chapter 2A: claims, leased premises and certain agreements

s.031

Conciliation for disputes

s.031

Application to Isles of Scilly

Part 5A — Public authorities

s.049

General duty

Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
  • Public authorities must promote equality for disabled people Crown / Minister / Government department
Browse 1 other section in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.049

Meaning of “public authority” in Part 5A

Part 5B — Improvements to dwelling houses

Browse 7 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.049

Exceptions from section 49A(1)

s.049

Power to impose specific duties

s.049

Duties under section 49D: compliance notices

s.049

Enforcement of compliance notices

s.049

Improvements to let dwelling houses

s.049

Conciliation of disputes

s.049

Conciliation of disputes: rented housing in Scotland

Part V — Public Transport

s.037

Carrying of assistance dogs in private hire vehicles

Fine up to £1,000
  • Refuse a booking or charge extra because of an assistance dog Any Person
s.041

Accessibility certificates.

Fine up to £2,500
  • Use a public service vehicle without required accessibility certificate Any Person
s.047

Rail vehicle accessibility compliance certificates

  • Obtain an accessibility compliance certificate for rail vehicles Any Person
s.047

Rail vehicle accessibility compliance certificates: supplementary

Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
  • Secretary of State may set rules for rail vehicle accessibility certificates Crown / Minister / Government department
s.047

Penalties under sections 47D to 47H: procedure

Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
  • Secretary of State must notify and explain penalty decisions Crown / Minister / Government department
Browse 22 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.036

List of wheelchair-accessible vehicles providing local services

s.047

Rail vehicle accessibility compliance certificates: fees

s.047

Penalty for using rail vehicle without accessibility compliance certificate

s.047

Penalty for using rail vehicle that does not conform with accessibility regulations

s.047

Penalty for using rail vehicle otherwise than in conformity with accessibility regulations

s.047

Sections 47E and 47F: inspection of rail vehicles

s.047

Sections 47E and 47F: supplementary powers

s.047

Penalties under sections 47D to 47H: amount, due date and recovery

s.047

Penalties under sections 47D to 47H: appeals

s.047

Sections 46 to 47H: interpretation

Part VI — The National Disability Council

Browse 3 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part VII — Supplemental

Browse 9 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part VIII — Miscellaneous

Browse 15 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Schedules

Browse 185 other Schedules — structural / supplementary
s.sch001

(1) . . . . . . . . ....

s.sch001

(1) The effect of an impairment is a long-term effect...

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(1) An impairment which consists of a severe disfigurement is...

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(1) An impairment is to be taken to affect the...

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Regulations may make provision for the purposes of this Act—...

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(1) An impairment which would be likely to have a...

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(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2), a person who has cancer,...

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(1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to any person whose name is,...

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(1) Where— (a) a person has a progressive condition (such...

s.sch001

In this Schedule, “HIV infection” means infection by a virus...

s.sch002

The modifications referred to in section 2 are as follows....

s.sch002

(1) In Article 29 of the 2005 Order in paragraph...

s.sch002

In Articles 30(1)(c), (1A)(d), (1B)(c), (1C) and (1D) and 37(1)(d),...

s.sch002

In Article 35(8) of the 2005 Order after “not having...

s.sch002

In Article 37(4)(b) of the 2005 Order for “has” substitute...

s.sch002

References in Parts II , III and VA and Part...

s.sch002

References in Chapter 1 of Part 4 to a disabled...

s.sch002

References in Chapter 2 of Part 4 to a disabled...

s.sch002

In sections 3A(5) and 31AB(8), after “not having that particular...

s.sch002

In sections 4A(1), 4B(4), 4E(1), 4H(1), 6B(1), 7B(1), 14(1), 14B(1),...

s.sch002

In sections 4A(3)(b), 4E(3)(b), 4H(3)(b), 6B(3)(b), 7B(3)(b), 14(3)(b), 14B(3)(b), 14D(3)(b)...

s.sch002

In section 28B(3)(a) and (4), after “disabled” insert “or that...

s.sch002

In section 28C(1), in paragraphs (a) and (b), after “not...

s.sch002

In section 28S (a) in subsection (3)(a), after “disabled” insert...

s.sch002

In subsections (1), (1A), (1B) (1C) and (1D) of section...

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In subsection (1) of that section as substituted by paragraphs...

s.sch002

In section 24(3)(e)(i) and (f)(i), after “having” insert “ had...

s.sch002

In sections 24D(2)(a) and 24J(3)(b), for “did not have” substitute...

s.sch002

For paragraph 2(1) to (3) of Schedule 1, substitute—

s.sch002

References in Chapter I of Part III of the 2005...

s.sch002

References in Chapter II of Part III of the 2005...

s.sch002

In Article 15(3)(a) and (4) of the 2005 Order, after...

s.sch002

In Article 16(1) of the 2005 Order, in sub-paragraphs (a)...

s.sch003

Schedule 3 para.10

s.sch003

Schedule 3 para.11

s.sch003

Schedule 3 para.12

s.sch003

Schedule 3 para.13

s.sch003

Schedule 3 para.14

s.sch003

Schedule 3 para.15

s.sch003

(1) Except as provided by section 31ADA, no civil or...

s.sch003

(1) A county court or a sheriff court shall not...

s.sch003

(1) In any proceedings under section 31ADA, a certificate signed...

s.sch003

(1) Except as provided by Part 2, no civil or...

s.sch003

(1) An employment tribunal shall not consider a complaint under...

s.sch003

(1) In any proceedings under section 17A or 25(8) ,...

s.sch003

(1) Except as provided by section 25 no civil or...

s.sch003

(1) A county court or a sheriff court shall not...

s.sch003

(1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies where a party to proceedings under...

s.sch003

(1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a remedy other than—

s.sch003

In any proceedings under section 25, the amount of any...

s.sch003

(1) In any proceedings under section 25, a certificate signed...

s.sch003

Schedule 3 para.9

s.sch003a

VALIDITY OF CONTRACTS, COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND RULES OF UNDERTAKINGS

s.sch003a

(1) A term of a contract is void where—...

s.sch003a

In this Schedule “collective agreement” means any agreement relating to...

s.sch003a

Any reference in this Schedule to this Part of this...

s.sch003a

Where a term to which section 26(1A)(c) applies is a...

s.sch003a

(1) Paragraph 1(3) does not apply—

s.sch003a

(1) On the application of a disabled person interested...

s.sch003a

(1) This Part of this Schedule applies to—

s.sch003a

A disabled person to whom this paragraph applies may present...

s.sch003a

In the case of a complaint about—

s.sch003a

In the case of a complaint about a rule made...

s.sch003a

(1) When an employment tribunal finds that a complaint...

s.sch003a

The avoidance by virtue of paragraph 4(2) of any term...

s.sch004

If any question arises as to whether the occupier has...

s.sch004

Schedule 4 para.10

s.sch004

Schedule 4 para.11

s.sch004

Schedule 4 para.12

s.sch004

Schedule 4 para.13

s.sch004

Schedule 4 para.14

s.sch004

If any question arises as to whether a general qualifications...

s.sch004

(1) If the general qualifications body has applied in writing...

s.sch004

(1) In any proceedings on a claim under section 31ADA...

s.sch004

(1) In any proceedings on a complaint under section 17A...

s.sch004

Regulations may make provision as to circumstances in which—

s.sch004

The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision supplementing,...

s.sch004

If any question arises as to whether the occupier has...

s.sch004

(1) If the occupier has applied in writing to the...

s.sch004

(1) In any proceedings on a claim under section 25...

s.sch004

(1) In any proceedings on a complaint under section 25(8)...

s.sch004

Regulations may make provision as to circumstances in which—

s.sch004

The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision supplementing,...

s.sch004a

RESPONSIBLE BODIES FOR SCHOOLS

s.sch004a

(1) The bodies responsible for schools in England and Wales...

s.sch004a

(1) The bodies responsible for schools in Scotland are set...

s.sch004b

RESPONSIBLE BODIES FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

s.sch004b

(1) The bodies responsible for educational institutions in England and...

s.sch004b

(1) The bodies responsible for relevant institutions in Scotland are...

s.sch004c

MODIFICATIONS OF CHAPTER 2 OF PART 4

s.sch004c

The following is substituted for section 28R— 28R Higher and...

s.sch004c

In subsections (2) and (4) of section 28T, for “any...

s.sch004c

In section 28W(1)(a) for “by an educational institution” there is...

s.sch004c

Sections 28SA, 28UA, 28UB, 28UC, 28V(1A) and 31A are omitted....

s.sch004c

The following is substituted for section 28R— Further education etc...

s.sch004c

Subsections (1A) to (1D) of section 28T are omitted and...

s.sch004c

In subsections (2) and (4) of section 28T, for “any...

s.sch004c

In section 28W(1)(a) for “by an educational institution” there is...

s.sch004c

Section 31A is omitted.

s.sch004c

The following is substituted for section 28R— Recreational or training...

s.sch004c

In section 28S (Meaning of “discrimination”), the following subsection is...

s.sch004c

Subsections (1A) to (1D) of section 28T (responsible bodies' duties...

s.sch004c

In section 28S (Meaning of “discrimination”), the following subsections are...

s.sch004c

Subsections (1A) to (1D) of section 28T are omitted and...

s.sch004c

In subsections (2) and (4) of section 28T, for “any...

s.sch004c

In section 28W(1)(a) for “by an educational institution” there is...

s.sch004c

Sections 28SA, 28UA, 28UB, 28UC, 28V(1A) and 31A are omitted....

s.sch004c

In subsections (2) and (4) of section 28T, for “any...

s.sch004c

In section 28W(1)(a) for “by an educational institution” there is...

s.sch004c

Section 31A is omitted.

s.sch004c

The following is substituted for section 28R— 28R Further education...

s.sch004c

In section 28S (meaning of “discrimination”), the following subsection is...

s.sch004c

In section 28S, the following subsections are substituted for subsections...

s.sch004c

Subsections (1A) to (1D) of section 28T (responsible bodies' duties...

s.sch005

(1) The Council shall be a body corporate.

s.sch005

The Council has power to regulate its own procedure (including...

s.sch005

(1) The Council shall consist of at least 10, but...

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(1) Each member shall be appointed for a term which...

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(1) The Secretary of State may pay such remuneration or...

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The Secretary of State shall provide the Council with such...

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The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision—

s.sch005

(1) As soon as is practicable after the end of...

s.sch006

In section 12(1) of the Employment and Training Act 1973...

s.sch006

In section 136(1) of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978...

s.sch006

In paragraph 9 of Schedule 7 to the Companies Act...

s.sch006

In section 7 of the Local Government and Housing Act...

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In section 16 of the Enterprise and New Towns (Scotland)...

s.sch008

In its application to Northern Ireland this Act shall have...

s.sch008

In section 20(7) for paragraphs (b) and (c) substitute ;...

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In section 22(4) and (6) omit “or (in Scotland) the...

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(1) In section 25(1) omit “or (in Scotland) in reparation”....

s.sch008

In section 26(3) omit “or a sheriff court”.

s.sch008

Omit sections 29, 30 and 31.

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(1) In section 32(1) for “Secretary of State” substitute “...

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In section 33, for “Secretary of State”, wherever it occurs,...

s.sch008

For section 34 substitute— New licences conditional on compliance with...

s.sch008

Omit section 35.

s.sch008

(1) . . . . . . . . ....

s.sch008

In section 36(7) for “licensing authority” substitute “ Department of...

s.sch008

(1) In section 37(5) and (6) for “licensing authority” substitute...

s.sch008

(1) In section 37A(5) and (6) for “licensing authority” substitute...

s.sch008

(1) In section 38(1) for “a licensing authority” substitute “...

s.sch008

Omit section 39.

s.sch008

(1) In section 40 for “Secretary of State” wherever it...

s.sch008

(1) In section 41(2) for “Secretary of State” substitute “...

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(1) In section 42 for “Secretary of State” wherever it...

s.sch008

In section 43 for “Secretary of State” wherever it occurs...

s.sch008

(1) In section 44 for “Secretary of State” wherever it...

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(1) In section 45 for “Secretary of State” wherever it...

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In section 4(6) for “Great Britain” substitute “ Northern Ireland...

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(1) In section 46 for “Secretary of State” wherever it...

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(1) In section 47 for “Secretary of State” wherever it...

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Omit section 48(3).

s.sch008

(1) . . . . . . . . ....

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For section 52 substitute— Further provisions about codes issued under...

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(1) In section 53 for “Secretary of State” wherever it...

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For section 54 substitute— Further provisions about codes issued under...

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In section 56(2) and (4) for “Secretary of State” substitute...

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In section 59(1) after “Crown” where it twice occurs insert...

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(1) . . . . . . . . ....

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(1) In section 60(1) to (3) for “Secretary of State”...

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For section 61 substitute— Amendments of Disabled Persons (Employment) Act...

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(1) In section 62(2) for “Secretary of State” substitute “...

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Omit section 63.

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(1) In section 64(3) for “England and Wales” substitute “...

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Omit section 65.

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For section 67 substitute— Regulations and orders etc. (1) Any power under this Act to make regulations or...

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(1) For section 68(1) substitute— (1) In this Act— “...

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(1) In section 70(3) for “Secretary of State” substitute “...

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(1) In Schedule 1 in paragraph 7(1) for “Act 1944”...

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(1) In section 8(3) omit “or (in Scotland) in reparation”....

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(1) In Schedule 3 in paragraph 1—

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(1) In Schedule 4 in paragraphs 2(1) and (5) and...

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For Schedules 6 and 7 substitute— SCHEDULE 6 Consequential Amendments...

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(1) . . . . . . . . ....

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(1) In section 10(1)(b) omit “or recognised body”.

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— In section 12(5) for “Great Britain” where it twice...

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(1) In section 19(3)(g) for “section 2 of the Employment...

Other sections — not classified into a Part

These sections sit outside the numbered Parts — usually provisions added or moved by later amendments.

Browse 1 other section
s.validity of contracts, collective agreements and r

VALIDITY OF CONTRACTS, COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND RULES OF UNDERTAKINGS

Official guidance

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Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority

Independent regulator for health and social care services in Northern Ireland. Registers and inspects hospitals, care homes, dental practices, and other care …

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