Space Industry Act 2018
At a glance
Enforced by
What's here
27 compliance obligations, 4 practical guides across 2 topics
Penalty landscape
8 of 27 obligations carry up to 2 years imprisonment. 11 carry different penalties and 8 have no criminal penalty — flagged in the list below.
Who this Act binds
Business-side actors with duties under this Act, ranked by how often they appear.
- Any Person 18
- Applicant 1
- Licence Holder 1
- Director or Officer 1
Plus 6 non-business duties on Crown ministers, regulators, local authorities or tribunals — shown collapsed under each section below.
Relevant guidance
Practical guides for businesses affected by this Act, ordered by how closely they engage with it.
Direct — cites this Act
1 guidesSupporting — topic alignment
3 guidesOther Acts binding the same actors
For each actor bound by this Act, the other UK Acts that bind them most often. Useful for understanding the full compliance landscape facing each role.
Any Person also bound by 749 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Human Medicines Regulations 2012 2012 110 duties
- Licensing Act 2003 2003 105 duties
- Merchant Shipping Act 1995 1995 97 duties
- Road Traffic Act 1988 1988 95 duties
- Air Navigation Order 2016 2016 86 duties
Applicants also bound by 146 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 2016 22 duties
- Value Added Tax Regulations 1995 1995 20 duties
- Human Medicines Regulations 2012 2012 20 duties
- Space Industry Regulations 2021 2021 12 duties
- Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017 2017 10 duties
Licence Holders also bound by 50 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Space Industry Regulations 2021 2021 50 duties
- Human Medicines Regulations 2012 2012 11 duties
- Value Added Tax Regulations 1995 1995 7 duties
- Air Navigation Order 2016 2016 5 duties
- Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (England) Regulations 2018 2018 5 duties
Directors and Officers also bound by 224 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 2016 75 duties
- Companies Act 2006 2006 63 duties
- Insolvency Act 1986 1986 46 duties
- CCBSA 2014 2014 22 duties
- CAICEA 2004 2004 18 duties
What this Act requires
Sections that create concrete duties on businesses or carry penalties. Procedural and definitional sections are folded into the “Browse other sections” expander at the bottom of each group. Click any section title to read the source text on legislation.gov.uk.
Schedules
Safety regulations: further provision
2 years imprisonment- Breach safety regulations for spaceflight activities Any Person
Offences against the safety of spacecraft etc
Unlimited fine- Hijack a UK‑launched spacecraft Any Person
Security regulations: further provision
2 years imprisonment- Breach of space industry security regulations Any Person
Orders under sections 39 and 41
- Licensees must notify local parties before applying for land orders Licence Holder
Appeals in connection with spaceflight activities
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Appeal panel must determine spaceflight licensing appeals Tribunal / Court
Browse 7 other Schedules — structural / supplementary
Particular conditions that may be included in licences
Powers in relation to land: quashing of orders
Powers in relation to land: special provisions relating to statutory undertakers
Charging schemes
Training regulations: further provision
Powers in relation to land: compensation
Minor and consequential amendments
Prohibition of unlicensed spaceflight etc
2 years imprisonment- Carry out unlicensed spaceflight or operate unlicensed spaceport Any Person
Provision of range control services
- Provide range control services without a licence Any Person
Grant of spaceport licence
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must verify safety and criteria before granting spaceport licence Statutory regulator
Grant of licences: assessments of environmental effects
- Submit an assessment of environmental effects for spaceport or launch licences Applicant
Conditions of licences
Unlimited fine- Fail to comply with licence conditions Any Person
Informed consent
2 years imprisonment- Allow individuals to take part in spaceflight without consent Any Person
Training, qualifications and medical fitness
2 years imprisonment- Allow unqualified person to take part in licensed space activities Any Person
Offences against the safety of spacecraft etc
Life imprisonment- Endanger spacecraft safety or spaceport operations Any Person
Spaceport byelaws
life imprisonment- Breach a spaceport byelaw Any Person
Monitoring and enforcement by regulator
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must monitor spaceflight activities and enforce safety compliance Statutory regulator
Consultation about directions
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Regulators and Ministers must consult before giving safety or policy directions Statutory regulator
Further provision about directions
2 years imprisonment- Fail to comply with a direction under the Space Industry Act Any Person
Warrants authorising entry or direct action
- Obstruct a regulator exercising a space‑industry enforcement warrant Any Person
Power to authorise entry etc in emergencies
- Intentionally obstruct a person exercising an enforcement authorisation Any Person
Orders under section 39: offences
2 years imprisonment- Interfere with works or obstruct entry under a space‑industry order Any Person
Power of entry for purposes of survey
- Obstruct authorised land survey Any Person
Registration of orders
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Registration of land-related orders in local property registers Crown / Minister / Government department
Offences under regulations
5 years imprisonment- Breach of space industry regulations or safety requirements Any Person
Offences by bodies corporate
- Corporate offence when an officer consents to or neglects a breach Director or Officer
Offences by partnerships
Unlimited fine- Liability for partnership offences and individual partner neglect Any Person
Register of launches
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Secretary of State must maintain a public register of UK space launches Crown / Minister / Government department
Use of records and documentary evidence
2 years imprisonment- Certify a false copy of a regulator’s record Any Person
Browse 50 other sections — procedural / definitional / commencement
Introduction
Duties and supplementary powers of the regulator
Exemptions from licence requirement
Range
Range control services
Grant of licences: general
Grant of operator licences: safety
Terms of licences
Licences granted for specified periods
Transfer, variation, suspension or termination of licence
Power of Secretary of State to appoint person to exercise functions
Safety regulations
Investigation of accidents
Assistance etc with performance of regulator's safety functions
Security regulations
Provision of advice and assistance on security matters
Power to give directions: breach of licence condition etc
Power to give directions: safety, security etc
Power to give directions: international obligations of the UK
Liability of operator for injury or damage etc
Power or duty of Secretary of State to indemnify
Obligation to indemnify government etc against claims
Regulator etc not liable in respect of spaceflight-related actions
Insurance
Powers to obtain rights over land
Power to restrict use of land temporarily
Challenges to and commencement of orders
Powers in relation to land: compensation
Special provisions relating to statutory undertakers
Compensation in respect of planning decisions relating to spaceport safety etc: England and Wales and Scotland
Compensation in respect of planning decisions relating to spaceport safety etc: Northern Ireland
Amendment and revocation of orders
Powers in relation to land: notices
Application of criminal law to spacecraft etc
Offences on board spacecraft: supplementary
Penalties for offences under this Act
Offences under regulations: extended time limit in case of accident investigation etc
Defences
Civil sanctions
Appeals
Charging schemes
Provision of advice and assistance by or to an appointed person
Co-operation between Secretary of State and other public authorities
Agreements with other countries: compliance with requirements etc
Minor and consequential amendments
Regulations: general
Interpretation
Commencement
Extent
Short title
Official guidance
Authoritative sources published by regulators or government explaining this legislation.
- Vehicle Certification Agency — type approval (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- Office of Rail and Road (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- MCA: domestic passenger ships and categorised waters (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- CAA: ATOL protection (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- CAA: spaceflight (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- CAA: commercial industry (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- HSE: transport and logistics (opens in a new tab) from HSE Detailed Guidance
- Ofcom satellite filing and coordination (opens in a new tab) from Ofcom Detailed Guidance
- Moving dangerous goods guidance (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- UK spaceflight programme (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- ... and 6 more
Enforcement and responsible bodies
The regulators that administer or enforce this legislation.
Civil Aviation Authority
UK's aviation regulator. Responsible for aviation safety, airspace policy, economic regulation of airports, and consumer protection. Issues air operator certificates, pilot licences, …
Explore more
Browse legislation
Find other UK business legislation with related guidance.
Regulators
Learn more about the bodies that enforce this legislation.