Guide
Install renewable energy on your farm
How to get planning permission and financial support for solar panels, wind turbines, and other renewable energy on agricultural land. Covers permitted development limits, agricultural land classification, and the Smart Export Guarantee.
Solar panels, wind turbines, anaerobic digestion, and biomass heating can generate income and reduce energy costs. However, planning requirements vary dramatically by technology and scale.
The generous Feed-in Tariff and Renewable Heat Incentive schemes have closed, but modern projects can still be financially viable through self-consumption savings and export payments.
Planning permission for solar
Agricultural land classification
The government's National Planning Policy Framework strongly discourages solar development on Best and Most Versatile (BMV) agricultural land. In practice:
- Grade 1-3a land: Solar applications face objections from Natural England and planning officers. Approval unlikely without exceptional circumstances
- Grade 3b-5 land: Solar applications have better prospects, though local policies vary
- Grade unknown: You may need an Agricultural Land Classification survey (£2,000-£5,000) to prove your land qualifies
Consider sheep grazing beneath panels (agrivoltaics) to maintain agricultural use and strengthen planning arguments.
Financial support
Building a business case
Modern renewable projects must stack up financially without generous subsidies. Base your business case on:
- Self-consumption savings: Value of displacing grid electricity at 20-30p/kWh
- Export payments: SEG payments of 4-6p/kWh (shop around for best tariff)
- Tax reliefs: 100% first-year capital allowances reduce tax liabilities significantly
- Long-term security: Protection from rising energy prices over 20+ year system life
Avoid business cases relying on assumed electricity price increases or future subsidy schemes that may never materialise.
Grid connection
For larger installations (typically over 4kW), you'll need to apply to your Distribution Network Operator (DNO) for grid connection. This can be a significant cost and delay factor:
- Application: Submit G99 application to your DNO
- Timescales: Allow 3-6 months for connection approval
- Costs: Connection charges vary by location and capacity
- Constraints: Some areas have grid constraints limiting new connections