Energy & Utilities Energy and utilities

Offshore Wind Development Consent Orders (DCO)

Offshore wind projects over 100MW in English territorial waters require a Development Consent Order from the Secretary of State. Understand the specific thresholds, fees, timelines and 7-stage process for offshore wind NSIPs.

UK-wide
Guide summary

If your offshore wind project is over 100MW in English waters, you must get a Development Consent Order (DCO). The process takes about 4.2 years and costs start at £8,946 for the application. You must consult with the public and follow strict environmental rules.

  • Apply for a DCO if your offshore wind project is over 100MW
  • Pre-application phase takes about 2 years
  • DCO application fee is £8,946
  • Planning Inspectorate examines for up to 6 months
  • Secretary of State decides within 3 months of recommendation
  • Whole process averages 4.2 years from start to consent
  • Use Section 36 Electricity Act for projects under 100MW
  • Include marine licensing in your DCO application
  • Allow 6 weeks for possible legal challenges after decision
  • Check different rules for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
On this page
UK-wide

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When you need a DCO for offshore wind

Offshore wind farms are classified as Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) under the Planning Act 2008 if they exceed capacity thresholds. The DCO process provides all necessary consents for construction and operation in a single application.

Understanding the DCO process

The DCO examination process is rigorous and involves multiple stages of consultation, environmental assessment, and public scrutiny. Understanding these stages helps you plan timelines and resource requirements.

Alternative planning routes

The DCO route applies to larger offshore wind projects in England. Smaller projects and those in devolved nations follow different planning frameworks.

Key milestones and dependencies

The DCO process has critical dependencies:

  • You must secure an Agreement for Lease from The Crown Estate before submitting your DCO application
  • Evidence of grid connection progress (Gate 2 milestone) is required to demonstrate project deliverability
  • Financial close typically requires DCO consent before investors commit funding

Plan for 3-4 years from pre-application to DCO decision, with a further 12-18 months to financial close.