Development blocked by nutrient neutrality
- 3 steps
UK Act of Parliament
2023
United Kingdom
Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023
At a glance
Enforced by
What's here
22 compliance obligations, 5 practical guides · 5 journeys
Penalty landscape
3 of 22 obligations carry an unlimited fine. 5 carry different penalties and 14 have no criminal penalty — flagged in the list below.
Who this Act binds
Business-side actors with duties under this Act, ranked by how often they appear.
- Any Person 7
- Landlord 1
Plus 14 non-business duties on Crown ministers, regulators, local authorities or tribunals — shown collapsed under each section below.
Step-by-step journeys using this legislation
Walkthroughs that take you from a real business situation to compliance.
Small site planning fast track
- 1 step
Accommodation compliance for hotels, B&Bs, and holiday lets
- 3 steps
Achieving nutrient neutrality
- 4 steps
SME housebuilder planning guide
- 4 steps
Relevant guidance
Practical guides for businesses affected by this Act, ordered by how closely they engage with it.
Direct — cites this Act
2 guidesSupporting — topic alignment
2 guidesMentioned in related content
1 guidesOther Acts binding the same actors
For each actor bound by this Act, the other UK Acts that bind them most often. Useful for understanding the full compliance landscape facing each role.
Any Person also bound by 749 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Human Medicines Regulations 2012 2012 110 duties
- Licensing Act 2003 2003 105 duties
- Merchant Shipping Act 1995 1995 97 duties
- Road Traffic Act 1988 1988 95 duties
- Air Navigation Order 2016 2016 86 duties
Landlords also bound by 70 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022 2022 59 duties
- Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 2016 33 duties
- Housing Act 1985 1985 31 duties
- Housing (Scotland) Act 2006 2006 14 duties
- Energy Efficiency (Private Rented Property) (England and Wales) Regulations 2015 2015 10 duties
What this Act requires
Sections that create concrete duties on businesses or carry penalties. Procedural and definitional sections are folded into the “Browse other sections” expander at the bottom of each group. Click any section title to read the source text on legislation.gov.uk.
Part 1 — Levelling-up missions
Statement of levelling-up missions: devolution
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Ministers must consult devolved authorities on levelling-up missions Crown / Minister / Government department
Annual etc reports on delivery of levelling-up missions
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Government must publish annual reports on levelling-up mission progress Crown / Minister / Government department
Reports: Parliamentary scrutiny and publication
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Government must publish and present levelling-up progress reports to Parliament Crown / Minister / Government department
Reviews of statements of levelling-up missions
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Government must review and report on levelling-up missions every five years Crown / Minister / Government department
Levelling Up Fund Round 3
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Government must report to Parliament on Levelling Up Fund Round 3 Crown / Minister / Government department
Browse 3 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
Part 2 — Local democracy and devolution
Deputy mayors etc
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Combined County Authority mayor must appoint a deputy mayor Local authority
Section 34 regulations: exercise of fire and rescue functions
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Mayors must oversee and hold Chief Constables to account for fire services Crown / Minister / Government department
Browse 73 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
Combined county authorities and their areas
Constitutional arrangements
Non-constituent members of a CCA
Associate members of a CCA
Regulations about members
Review of CCA’s constitutional arrangements
Overview and scrutiny committees
Funding
Change of name
Local authority functions
Other public authority functions
Section 19 regulations: procedure
Integrated Transport Authority and Passenger Transport Executive
Directions relating to highways and traffic functions
Contravention of regulations under section 22
Designation of key route network roads
Changes to boundaries of a CCA’s area
Dissolution of a CCA’s area
Power to provide for election of mayor
Requirements in connection with regulations under section 27
Functions of mayors: general
Procedure for direct conferral of general functions on mayor
Joint exercise of general functions
Functions of mayors: policing
Exercise of fire and rescue functions
Section 34 regulations: procedure
Section 34 regulations: further provision
Section 34 regulations: complaints and conduct matters etc
Section 34 regulations: application of fire and rescue provisions
Section 34 regulations: application of local policing provisions
Mayors for CCA areas: financial matters
Alternative mayoral titles
Alternative mayoral titles: further changes
Power to amend list of alternative titles
Proposal for new CCA
Requirements in connection with establishment of CCA
Proposal for changes to existing arrangements relating to CCA
Requirements for changes to existing arrangements relating to CCA
General power of CCA
Boundaries of power under section 49
Power to make provision supplemental to section 49
General power of competence
Incidental etc provision
Transfer of property, rights and liabilities
Guidance
Consequential amendments
Interpretation of Chapter
Review of combined authority’s constitutional arrangements
Consent to changes to combined authority’s area
Changes to mayoral combined authority’s area: additional requirements
Consent to conferral of general functions on mayor
Consent to conferral of police and crime commissioner functions on mayor
Functions in respect of key route network roads
Membership of combined authority
Proposal for establishment of combined authority
Proposal for changes to existing combined arrangements
Consequential amendments relating to section 65 and 66
Regulations applying to combined authorities
Combined authorities and combined county authorities: power to borrow
Payment of allowances to committee members
Timing for changes in governance arrangements
Transfer of functions: changes in governance arrangements
Power to transfer etc public authority functions to certain local authorities
Participation of police and crime commissioners at certain local authority committees
Disposal of land
Combined authorities: alternative mayoral titles
Local authorities in England: alternative mayoral titles
Capital finance risk management
Long-term empty dwellings: England
Dwellings occupied periodically: England
Alteration of street names: England
Powers of parish councils
The Common Council of the City of London: removal of voting restrictions
Part 3 — Planning
Requirement to assist with certain plan making
Amended 4 timesMinor and consequential amendments in connection with Chapter 2
Amended 2 timesRegard to certain heritage assets in exercise of planning functions
Amended 4 timesTemporary stop notices in relation to listed buildings
Unlimited fine Amended 6 times- Fail to comply with a temporary stop notice on a listed building Any Person
Urgent works to listed buildings: occupied buildings and recovery of costs
Amended 1 timeRemoval of compensation for building preservation notice
Amended 4 timesStreet votes
Amended 2 timesStreet votes: community infrastructure levy
Amended 2 timesStreet votes: modifications of the Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017
Amended 1 timeCrown development
Amended 2 timesMaterial variations in planning permission
Amended 1 timeDevelopment commencement notices
Fine up to £1,000 Amended 2 times- Fail to provide information after a commencement‑notice enquiry Any Person
Completion notices
Amended 1 timePower to decline to determine applications in cases of earlier non-implementation etc
Unlimited fine Amended 1 time- Make false or misleading statement to planning authority Any Person
Condition relating to development progress reports
Amended 1 timeTime limits for enforcement
Amended 2 timesDuration of temporary stop notices
Amended 2 timesEnforcement warning notices
Amended 2 timesRestriction on appeals against enforcement notices
Amended 2 timesUndue delays in appeals
Amended 2 timesPenalties for non-compliance
Amended 2 timesPower to provide relief from enforcement of planning conditions
Amended 1 timeConsultation before applying for planning permission
Amended 2 timesDuty in relation to self-build and custom housebuilding
Amended 2 timesPowers as to form and content of planning applications
Amended 2 timesAdditional powers in relation to planning obligations
Amended 1 timeFees for certain services in relation to nationally significant infrastructure projects
Amended 1 timePower to shorten deadline for examination of development consent order applications
Amended 1 timeAdditional powers in relation to non-material changes to development consent orders
Amended 2 timesHazardous substances consent: connected applications to the Secretary of State
Amended 2 timesRegulations and orders under the Planning Acts
Amended 1 timePower for appointees to vary determinations as to procedure
Amended 1 timePre-consolidation amendment of planning, development and compulsory purchase legislation
Amended 1 timeParticipation in certain proceedings conducted by, or on behalf of, the Secretary of State
Amended 1 timePower of certain bodies to charge fees for advice in relation to applications under the Planning Acts
Amended 1 timeBiodiversity net gain: pre-development biodiversity value and habitat enhancement
Amended 2 timesDevelopment affecting ancient woodland
Amended 1 timeBrowse 16 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
Power in relation to the processing of planning data
Power in relation to the provision of planning data
Power to require certain planning data to be made publicly available
Power to require use of approved planning data software in England
Disclosure of planning data does not infringe copyright in certain cases
Requirements to consult devolved administrations
Planning data regulations made by devolved authorities
Interpretation of Chapter
Development plans: content
Role of development plan and national policy in England
National development management policies: meaning
Contents of the spatial development strategy
Adjustment of terminology
Plan making
Contents of a neighbourhood development plan
Neighbourhood development plans and orders: basic conditions
Part 4 — Infrastructure Levy and Community Infrastructure Levy
Infrastructure Levy: England
Amended 1 timePower to designate Homes and Communities Agency as a charging authority
Amended 1 timeRestriction of Community Infrastructure Levy to Greater London and Wales
Amended 1 timeEnforcement of Community Infrastructure Levy
Amended 2 timesPart 5 — Community land auction pilots
Community land auction arrangements and their purpose
Amended 1 timePower to permit community land auction arrangements
Amended 1 timeApplication of CLA receipts
Amended 1 timeOther duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Local authorities must spend Community Land Auction receipts on infrastructure Local authority
Duty to pass CLA receipts to other persons
Amended 1 timeOther duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Local planning authorities must transfer CLA funds to designated persons Local authority
Use of CLA receipts in an area to which section 144 (1) duty does not relate
Amended 1 timeCLA infrastructure delivery strategy
Amended 1 timePower to provide for authorities making joint local plans
Amended 1 timeParliamentary scrutiny of pilot
Amended 1 timeOther duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Secretary of State must report to Parliament on land auction pilots Crown / Minister / Government department
CLA regulations: further provision and guidance
Amended 1 timeExpiry of Part 5
Amended 1 timeInterpretation of Part 5
Amended 1 timePart 6 — Environmental outcomes reports
Power to specify environmental outcomes
Amended 2 timesEnvironmental outcomes reports for relevant consents and relevant plans
Amended 1 timePower to define “relevant consent” and “relevant plan” etc
Amended 4 timesAssessing and monitoring impact on outcomes etc
Amended 1 timeSafeguards: non-regression, international obligations and public engagement
Amended 1 timeRequirements to consult devolved administrations
Amended 1 timeEOR regulations: devolved authorities
Amended 1 timeExemptions for national defence and civil emergency etc
Amended 1 timeEnforcement
Unlimited fine Amended 1 time- Breach of Environmental Outcomes Report (EOR) regulations Any Person
Reporting
Amended 1 timePublic consultation etc
Amended 1 timeGuidance
Amended 1 timeOther duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Public authorities must follow government guidance on environmental outcomes Statutory regulator
Interaction with existing environmental assessment legislation and the Habitats Regulations
Amended 1 timeConsequential repeal of power to make provision for environmental assessment
Amended 1 timeEOR regulations: further provision
Amended 2 timesInterpretation of Part 6
Amended 1 timePart 7 — Nutrient pollution standards
Part 8 — Development corporations
Locally-led urban development corporations
Amended 2 timesDevelopment corporations for locally-led new towns
Amended 1 timeMinor and consequential amendments
Amended 1 timePlanning functions of urban development corporations
Amended 2 timesPlanning functions of new town development corporations
Amended 2 timesMayoral development corporation as minerals and waste planning authority
Amended 2 timesMinor and consequential amendments
Amended 2 timesRemoval of restrictions on membership of urban development corporations and new town development corporations
Amended 2 timesRemoval of limits on borrowing of urban development corporations and new town development corporations
Amended 2 timesPart 9 — Compulsory purchase
Acquisition by local authorities for purposes of regeneration
Amended 2 timesOnline publicity
Amended 4 timesConfirmation proceedings
Amended 2 timesConditional confirmation
Amended 4 timesCorresponding provision for purchases by Ministers
Amended 6 timesTime limits for implementation
Amended 2 timesAgreement to vary vesting date
Amended 2 timesCommon standards for compulsory purchase data
Amended 2 times‘No-scheme’ principle: minor amendments
Amended 2 timesProspects of planning permission for alternative development
Amended 2 timesPower to require prospects of planning permission to be ignored
Amended 3 timesPart 10 — Letting by local authorities of vacant high-street premises
Designated high streets and town centres
Amended 2 timesHigh-street uses and premises
Amended 2 timesVacancy condition
Amended 2 timesLocal benefit condition
Amended 2 timesInitial notice
Amended 2 timesRestriction on letting while initial notice in force
Amended 2 timesCircumstances in which letting to be permitted
Amended 2 timesOther duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Local authority must consent to high-street lettings in certain cases Local authority
Final notice
Amended 2 timesRestriction on letting while final notice in force
Amended 2 timesRestriction on works while final notice in force
Fine up to £2,500 Amended 2 times- Carry out works without consent during final letting notice Landlord
Counter-notice
Amended 2 timesAppeals
Amended 2 timesRental auctions
Amended 3 timesOther duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Local authorities may auction tenancies for vacant high-street premises Local authority
Power to contract for tenancy
Amended 2 timesTerms of contract for tenancy
Amended 3 timesTerms of tenancy
Amended 3 timesPower to grant tenancy in default
Amended 2 timesDeemed consent of superior lessor or mortgagee
Amended 2 timesExclusion of security of tenure
Amended 2 timesPower to require provision of information
Fine up to £2,500 Amended 2 times- Fail to provide required premises information Any Person
Power to enter and survey land
Amended 2 timesOffences in connection with section 211
2 years imprisonment Amended 2 times- Obstruct land surveyors or misuse confidential information Any Person
Power to extend time limits
Amended 2 timesFurther provision about letting notices
Amended 3 timesOther formalities
Amended 2 timesCompensation
Amended 2 timesPower to modify or disapply enactments applicable to letting
Amended 2 timesInterpretation of Part 10
Amended 2 timesPart 11 — Information about interests and dealings in land
Power to require provision of certain classes of information
Amended 1 timeThe beneficial ownership purpose
Amended 1 timeThe contractual control purpose
Amended 1 timeThe national security purpose
Amended 1 timeRequirements may include transactional information
Amended 1 timeUse of information
Amended 1 timeOffences
2 years imprisonment Amended 1 time- Fail to meet or give false information for a section 219 requirement Any Person
Enforcement of requirements
Amended 1 timeInterpretation of Part 11
Amended 1 timePart 12 — Miscellaneous
Registration of short-term rental properties
Amended 1 timeOther duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Secretary of State must establish a short-term rental registration scheme Crown / Minister / Government department
Pavement licences
Amended 2 timesHistoric environment records
Amended 1 timeReview of governance etc of RICS
Amended 1 timeMarine licensing
Amended 1 timePower to replace Health and Safety Executive as building safety regulator
Amended 1 timeTransfer schemes in connection with regulations under section 233
Amended 1 timeTransfer of land by local authorities
Amended 1 timeOpen access mapping
Amended 1 timeChildcare: use of non-domestic premises
Amended 2 timesChildcare: number of providers
Amended 2 timesAmendments of Schedule 7B to the Government of Wales Act 2006
Amended 1 timeBlue plaques in England
Amended 1 timePowers of local authority in relation to the provision of childcare
Amended 1 timeReport on enforcement of the Vagrancy Act 1824
Amended 1 timeQualifying leases under the Building Safety Act 2022
Amended 1 timeRoad user charging schemes in London
Amended 1 timeProtected landscapes
Amended 1 timePart 13 — General
Data protection
Amended 1 timeCrown application
Amended 1 timeAmendments of references to “retained direct EU legislation”
Amended 1 timeAbbreviated references to certain Acts
Amended 1 timePower to make consequential provision
Amended 1 timePower to address conflicts with the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023
Amended 1 timeRegulations
Amended 1 timeFinancial provisions
Amended 1 timeExtent
Amended 1 timeCommencement and transitional provision
Amended 1 timeShort title
Amended 1 timeSchedules
Browse 24 other Schedules — structural / supplementary
Combined county authorities: overview and scrutiny committees and audit committee
Mayors for combined county authority areas: further provisions about elections
Mayors for combined county authority Areas: PCC functions
Combined county authorities: consequential amendments
Minor and consequential amendments in connection with Chapter 2 of Part 3
Street votes: minor and consequential amendments
Regulations under Chapter 1 of Part 3 or Part 6: restrictions on devolved authorities
Planning functions of development corporations: minor and consequential amendments
Compulsory purchase: corresponding provision for purchases by Ministers
Grounds of appeal against final letting notice
Regulations under Chapter 1 of Part 3 or Part 6: form and scrutiny
Alteration of street names: consequential amendments
Determinations and other decisions: having regard to national development management policies
Plan making
Crown development: consequential amendments
Completion notices: consequential amendments
Infrastructure Levy
Existing environmental assessment legislation
Amendments of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017: assumptions about nutrient pollution standards
Locally-led development corporations: minor and consequential amendments
Conditional confirmation and making of compulsory purchase orders: consequential amendments
Provision to be included in terms of tenancy further to contract under section 204
Pavement licences
Use of non-domestic premises for childcare: registration
Official guidance
Authoritative sources published by regulators or government explaining this legislation.
- Tourism NI accommodation registration (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- Short-term lets licensing in Scotland (mygov.scot) (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- HMO licensing and standards (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- VAT on hotel and holiday accommodation (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- Fire safety risk assessment - sleeping accommodation (opens in a new tab) Publication
- Developing a tourist accommodation registration scheme in England (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- Tourism NI accommodation registration (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- Short-term lets licensing in Scotland (mygov.scot) (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
- Planning reform: site thresholds (opens in a new tab) Publication
- Natural England mitigation scheme (opens in a new tab) Publication
- ... and 4 more
Enforcement and responsible bodies
The regulators that administer or enforce this legislation.
Planning Inspectorate
PrimaryThe Planning Inspectorate
Examines applications for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) under the Planning Act 2008, including large offshore wind farms, power stations, and transmission …
Government's housing delivery agency. Provides funding, land, and expertise to deliver new homes. Administers affordable housing programmes, Help to Buy, and strategic …
Government company responsible for operating, maintaining, and improving England's strategic road network (motorways and major A-roads). Sets standards for highway design, construction, …
Explore more
Browse legislation
Find other UK business legislation with related guidance.
Regulators
Learn more about the bodies that enforce this legislation.