Guide

Grid Connection Agreement

All electricity generators connecting to the GB electricity network require a connection agreement with either National Grid ESO (transmission) or a Distribution Network Operator (DNO).

Manufacturing & EngineeringEnergy & Utilities UK-wide

Connection queue crisis

The transmission connections queue exceeds 700GW of projects - over four times the installed capacity needed by 2050. Major reforms are underway to address this backlog.

Connections reform: TM04+

From January 2025, new transmission connection applications follow the 'First Ready, First Connected' (TM04+) process with two gates:

  • Gate 1: Initial application with indicative connection date
  • Gate 2: Firm offer requiring proof of planning progress and land rights

Milestones and termination

Projects must meet milestones (planning submission, land agreements) within designated timeframes. Failure to meet milestones can result in offer termination with cancellation charges.

Distribution connections

Smaller generators connect via DNOs. For projects impacting transmission, DNOs submit applications to NESO on behalf of customers.

  1. Identify connection type

    Identify whether you need transmission (>50MW typically) or distribution connection

  2. Submit transmission application

    For transmission, submit application during open application windows

  3. Prepare Gate 2 evidence

    Prepare evidence of planning progress and land rights for Gate 2

  4. Apply to DNO

    For distribution, apply directly to your local DNO

  5. Allow connection time

    Allow 12-36+ months for connection depending on required reinforcement

  6. Consider battery storage

    Consider battery storage to manage grid constraints

National Grid ESO connections

Grid Connection for Energy Projects

How to connect electricity generation projects to the UK grid. Understand the difference between DNO and National Grid routes, the G99 connection standard, and the April 2025 Ofgem reforms that promise £5 billion in savings and faster connection timelines.

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Hydrogen Production Licensing and Compliance

Licensing, safety, and environmental requirements for hydrogen production facilities in the UK. Includes Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard certification, environmental permits, planning consent, COMAH compliance, and government funding through the Hydrogen Production Business Model.

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Offshore Wind Development Consent Orders (DCO)

Offshore wind projects over 100MW in English territorial waters require a Development Consent Order from the Secretary of State. Understand the specific thresholds, fees, timelines and 7-stage process for offshore wind NSIPs.

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