Civil Aviation Act 2012
At a glance
Enforced by
What's here
29 compliance obligations, 1 practical guide · 4 statutory instruments
Penalty landscape
1 of 29 obligations carry up to 2 years imprisonment. 28 have no criminal penalty — flagged in the list below.
Who this Act binds
Business-side actors with duties under this Act, ranked by how often they appear.
- Any Person 6
- Operator 2
- Director or Officer 1
Plus 20 non-business duties on Crown ministers, regulators, local authorities or tribunals — shown collapsed under each section below.
Relevant guidance
Practical guides for businesses affected by this Act, ordered by how closely they engage with it.
Supporting — topic alignment
1 guidesOther Acts binding the same actors
For each actor bound by this Act, the other UK Acts that bind them most often. Useful for understanding the full compliance landscape facing each role.
Any Person also bound by 749 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Human Medicines Regulations 2012 2012 110 duties
- Licensing Act 2003 2003 105 duties
- Merchant Shipping Act 1995 1995 97 duties
- Road Traffic Act 1988 1988 95 duties
- Air Navigation Order 2016 2016 86 duties
Operators also bound by 125 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Space Industry Regulations 2021 2021 71 duties
- Payment Services Regulations 2017 2017 41 duties
- Air Navigation Order 2016 2016 34 duties
- The Quarries Regulations 1999 1999 31 duties
- Reservoirs Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 2015 22 duties
Directors and Officers also bound by 224 other Acts (top 5 shown)
- Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 2016 75 duties
- Companies Act 2006 2006 63 duties
- Insolvency Act 1986 1986 46 duties
- CCBSA 2014 2014 22 duties
- CAICEA 2004 2004 18 duties
What this Act requires
Sections that create concrete duties on businesses or carry penalties. Procedural and definitional sections are folded into the “Browse other sections” expander at the bottom of each group. Click any section title to read the source text on legislation.gov.uk.
Part 1 — Airports
Secretary of State's general duty
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Secretary of State must promote airport user interests and competition Crown / Minister / Government department
Prohibition
- You must not charge for services at dominant airport areas without a license Operator
Publication of market power determinations
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must publish and notify airport operators of market power decisions Statutory regulator
Publication of operator determinations
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must publish and notify you of airport operator determinations Statutory regulator
Application for licence
- Apply for an airport operator licence Operator
Determination of appeal
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CMA must determine aviation license appeals and may issue directions Tribunal / Court
Determination of appeal: publication etc
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CMA must publish and distribute appeal decisions Statutory regulator
Urgent enforcement order: confirmation
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must confirm or revoke urgent enforcement orders Statutory regulator
Civil proceedings
- Comply with CAA enforcement orders Any Person
Procedure before imposing penalty
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must follow specific procedures before issuing a penalty Statutory regulator
Procedure after imposing penalty
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must notify and publish details after imposing a penalty Statutory regulator
Procedure before imposing penalty
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must follow specific procedures before issuing a penalty Statutory regulator
Procedure after imposing penalty
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must notify and publish details after imposing a penalty Statutory regulator
Recovering penalties
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA may recover unpaid penalties and interest as a debt Statutory regulator
Statement of policy on penalties
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must publish and follow a policy on financial penalties Statutory regulator
Review etc of airport operation services
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must monitor airport services and provide advice to the Government Statutory regulator
Publication and production of documents
- Publish and produce documents as required by the Act Any Person
Browse 60 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
CAA 's general duty
Prohibition: exemption
Dominant areas and dominant airports
Market power test
Market power determinations
Operators of areas
Operator determinations
Advance determinations
Appeals against determinations
Granting licence
Refusing to grant licence
Content and effect of licence
Licence conditions
Price control conditions
Conditions relating to CAA charges
Content and effect of licence conditions
Modifying licence conditions and licence area
Restriction on power to modify
Appeal to Competition and Markets Authority : conditions of new licences
Appeal to Competition and Markets Authority : modification of licence conditions
When appeals may be allowed
Determination of appeal: time limits
Procedure on appeals
Contravention notice
Restrictions on giving contravention notices
Enforcement order
Enforcement order: modification and revocation
Urgent enforcement order
Urgent enforcement order: modification and revocation
Penalty for contravention of licence condition
Penalty for contravention of order
Amount of penalty
Amount of penalty: fixed amount
Amount of penalty: daily amounts
Use of powers under Competition Act 1998
Appeals against orders and penalties
Revocation of licence
Appeals against revocation of licence
Power to obtain information
Enforcement of information notice
Penalty for providing false information, destroying documents etc
Appeals against penalties
Imposing penalties
Disclosing information
Functions under Part 4 of Enterprise Act 2002
Enterprise Act 2002: supplementary
Functions under Competition Act 1998
Competition Act 1998: supplementary
Power to modify CAA's competition powers
Airports
Airports: supplementary
Airport operation services
Air transport services
Joint operators of areas
Connected persons
Minor definitions and index
Regulations
Sending documents
Minor, consequential and transitional provision
Crown application
Part 2 — Other aviation matters
Information for benefit of users of air transport services
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must publish information and advice to help air transport users Statutory regulator
Environmental information
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must publish environmental information and advice on civil aviation Statutory regulator
Procedure before imposing penalty
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must provide notice and consult before imposing a penalty Statutory regulator
Procedure after imposing penalty
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must provide formal notice after imposing a penalty Statutory regulator
Recovering penalties
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA may recover unpaid penalties and interest as a debt Statutory regulator
Statement of policy
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- CAA must publish and follow a policy on information and penalties Statutory regulator
CAA charges
Amended 1 timeCAA efficiency
Amended 1 timeCivil sanctions
Amended 1 timeRegulatory burdens
Amended 1 timeBrowse 20 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
Aviation security directions etc
Approved providers of aviation security services
Advice and assistance in connection with aviation security
Power to modify functions of CAA etc relating to aviation security
Transfer schemes
Power to obtain information
Enforcement of information notice
Penalty for providing false information, destroying documents etc
Appeals
Minor definitions
Regulation of provision of flight accommodation
CAA membership
Non-executive members of CAA
Executive members of CAA
CAA's air navigation functions
Transitional and saving provision
Criminal proceedings
Disclosure of medical information
Dangerous flying
Offences under Civil Aviation Act 1982
Part 3 — Final provisions
Browse 6 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
Power to make consequential and transitional provision
Financial provision
Commencement
Extent
Channel Islands, Isle of Man and British overseas territories
Short title
Schedules
Appeals against determinations
- Adhere to deadlines for appealing airport market power determinations Any Person
Appeals against orders and penalties
- Appeal against CAA enforcement orders or penalties Any Person
Appeals against revocation of licence
- Appeal a decision to revoke your aviation licence Any Person
Appeals against penalties: information
- Appeal a CAA information penalty to the Competition Appeal Tribunal Any Person
Restrictions on disclosing information
2 years imprisonment- Unlawfully disclosing restricted business information Director or Officer
Appeals against penalties
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
- Tribunal must determine appeals against CAA penalties Tribunal / Court
Browse 8 other Schedules — structural / supplementary
Appeals under sections 24 and 25
Index of defined expressions
Status of airport operators as statutory undertakers etc
Regulation of operators of dominant airports: consequential provision
Regulation of operators of dominant airports: transitional provision
Aviation security directions etc: minor and consequential amendments
Aviation security: further provision about transfer schemes
CAA membership: transitional and saving provision
Official guidance
Authoritative sources published by regulators or government explaining this legislation.
- Moving dangerous goods guidance (opens in a new tab) Detailed Guidance
Enforcement and responsible bodies
The regulators that administer or enforce this legislation.
Civil Aviation Authority
UK's aviation regulator. Responsible for aviation safety, airspace policy, economic regulation of airports, and consumer protection. Issues air operator certificates, pilot licences, …
Connected legislation
4 statutory instruments
These instruments amend, apply, or refer to this Act. They may not all create direct business obligations.
Secondary legislation (4)
- The Civil Aviation (Access to Air Travel for Disabled Persons and Persons with Reduced Mobility) Regulations 2014 2014
- The Civil Aviation Act 2012 (Commencement No. 1, Transitional, Transitory and Saving Provisions) Order 2013 2013
- The Civil Aviation Act 2012 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2014 2014
- The Civil Aviation Act 2012 (Regulation of Operators of Dominant Airports) (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2013 2013
Explore more
Browse legislation
Find other UK business legislation with related guidance.
Regulators
Learn more about the bodies that enforce this legislation.