UK Act of Parliament 1988 United Kingdom

Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (historical marginal relief formula basis)

At a glance

Enforced by

HMRC

What's here

3 compliance obligations, 2 practical guides · 7 journeys

Penalty landscape

1 of 3 obligations carry an unlimited fine. 2 have no criminal penalty — flagged in the list below.

Who this Act binds

Business-side actors with duties under this Act, ranked by how often they appear.

  • Any Person 1
  • Trader 1

Plus 1 non-business duty on Crown ministers, regulators, local authorities or tribunals — shown collapsed under each section below.

Step-by-step journeys using this legislation

Walkthroughs that take you from a real business situation to compliance.

Relevant guidance

Practical guides for businesses affected by this Act, ordered by how closely they engage with it.

Other Acts binding the same actors

For each actor bound by this Act, the other UK Acts that bind them most often. Useful for understanding the full compliance landscape facing each role.

Any Person also bound by 749 other Acts (top 5 shown)
Traders also bound by 219 other Acts (top 5 shown)

What this Act requires

Sections that create concrete duties on businesses or carry penalties. Procedural and definitional sections are folded into the “Browse other sections” expander at the bottom of each group. Click any section title to read the source text on legislation.gov.uk.

Part I — THE CHARGE TO TAX

Browse 8 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part II — PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE SCHEDULE A CHARGE

Browse 8 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.031

Deduction for expenditure on energy-saving items

s.031

Restrictions on relief

s.043

Transfer of rent: exceptions, &c.

s.043

Interposed lease.

s.043

Interposed lease: exceptions, &c.

Part III — GOVERNMENT SECURITIES

Browse 4 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.051

Gilt-edged securities held under authorised arrangements.

s.051

Commencement of direction under section 50 or 51.

Part IV — PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE SCHEDULE D CHARGE

s.118

Deduction of tax at reduced rate.

Amended 17 times
s.118

Restriction on relief: companies

Amended 17 times
s.118

“A significant amount of time”

Amended 17 times
s.118

Carry forward of unrelieved losses of non-active partners

Amended 17 times
s.118

Partners: meaning of “contribution to the trade”

Amended 17 times
s.118

Meaning of “relevant loss” in section 118ZN

Amended 17 times
s.126

Charge to tax on appropriation of securities and bonds.

Amended 4 times
s.127

Futures and options: transactions with guaranteed returns.

Amended 7 times
Browse 26 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.056

Disposal or exercise of rights in pursuance of deposits.

s.075

Amounts reversing expenses of management deducted: charge to tax

s.076

Retraining courses

s.076

Additional payments

s.076

Car or motor cycle hire

s.082

Expenditure on research and development.

s.083

Gifts in kind to charities etc.

s.085

Costs of establishing employee share ownership trusts: relief.

s.086

Charitable donations: contributions to agent’s expenses.

s.088

Section 88A debts: restriction on deductions under section 74(j).

s.088

Section 88A debts: restriction on other deductions.

s.091

Waste disposal: preparation expenditure.

s.091

Waste disposal: entitlement of successor to allowances.

Part V — PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE SCHEDULE E CHARGE

s.140

Conditional acquisition of shares.

Amended 2 times
s.140

Consideration for convertible shares.

Amended 2 times
s.144

Payments etc. received free of tax.

Amended 3 times
s.156

Limited exemption for computer equipment.

Amended 1 time
s.157

Cars available for private use: cash alternative, etc.

Amended 7 times
s.159

Vans available for private use.

Amended 1 time
s.168

Equipment to enable disabled person to use car.

Amended 15 times
s.168

Price of a car: accessories not included in list price.

Amended 15 times
s.168

Price of a car: accessories available after car first made available.

Amended 15 times
s.192

Foreign earnings deduction for seafarers.

Amended 1 time
s.200

Expenditure excluded from section 200B.

Amended 7 times
s.200

Section 200E: exclusion of expenditure otherwise relieved.

Amended 7 times
s.200

Expenses of members of Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales or Northern Ireland Assembly.

Amended 7 times
s.203

PAYE: employee of non-UK employer.

Amended 10 times
s.203

PAYE: tradeable assets.

Amended 10 times
s.203

PAYE: gains from share options etc.

Amended 10 times
s.203

PAYE: non-cash vouchers.

Amended 10 times
s.203

Trading arrangements.

Amended 10 times
s.206

PAYE settlement agreements.

Amended 2 times
Browse 13 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.177

Death of scheme employer.

s.197

Support for public transport road services.

s.197

Mileage allowance relief

s.197

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

s.197

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

s.197

Sporting and recreational facilities.

Part VI — COMPANY DISTRIBUTIONS, TAX CREDITS ETC

s.207

Application of lower rate to company distributions.

Amended 3 times
s.209

Section 209(3AA): link to shares of company or associated company

Amended 22 times
s.234

Information relating to distributions: further provisions.

Amended 11 times
s.245

Restriction on application of section 240 in certain circumstances.

Amended 3 times
s.245

Restriction on set-off where asset transferred after change in ownership of company.

Amended 3 times
s.246

Election by company paying dividend.

Amended 8 times
s.246

No tax credit for recipient.

Amended 8 times
s.246

Calculation of ACT where company receives foreign income dividend.

Amended 8 times
s.246

Information relating to foreign income dividends.

Amended 8 times
s.246

Foreign source profit and distributable foreign profit.

Amended 8 times
s.246

Requirement as to subsidiaries.

Amended 8 times
s.246

Notional foreign source advance corporation tax.

Amended 8 times
s.246

Payments and repayments where further matching takes place.

Amended 8 times
s.246

Adjustments where profits or foreign tax altered.

Amended 8 times
s.251

Application of sections 251B and 251C

Amended 3 times
s.251

Charge on dividend shares ceasing to be subject to plan

Amended 3 times
s.251

Interpretation of sections 251A to 251C

Amended 3 times

Part VII — GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO TAXATION OF INCOME OF INDIVIDUALS

s.257

Transitional relief: the elderly.

Amended 95 times
s.261

Additional relief in respect of children for year of separation.

Amended 2 times
s.282

Jointly held property.

Amended 6 times
s.291

Connected persons: directors.

Amended 10 times
s.299

Pre-arranged exits.

Amended 18 times
s.301

Receipts of insignificant value: supplementary provision

Amended 8 times
s.326

Tax-exempt special savings accounts.

Amended 20 times
s.326

Loss of exemption for special savings accounts.

Amended 20 times
s.326

Tax-exempt special savings accounts: tax representatives.

Amended 20 times
s.327

Payments to adopters

Amended 1 time
s.332

Venture capital trusts: relief.

Amended 12 times
s.333

Involvement of insurance companies with plans and accounts.

Amended 7 times
Browse 3 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part VIII — TAXATION OF INCOME AND CHARGEABLE GAINS OF COMPANIES

s.338

Meaning of “charges on income"

Amended 19 times
s.338

Charges on income: annuities or other annual payments

Amended 19 times

Part IX — ANNUAL PAYMENTS AND INTEREST

s.349

The conditions mentioned in section 349A(1)

Amended 66 times
s.356

Residence basis: married couples.

Amended 6 times
s.356

Payments to which sections 356A and 356B apply.

Amended 6 times
s.356

Provisions supplementary to sections 356A to 356C.

Amended 6 times
s.374

Interest which never has been relevant loan interest etc.

Amended 2 times
s.375

Option to deduct interest for the purposes of Schedule A.

Amended 9 times
s.376

The register of qualifying lenders.

Amended 21 times
Other duties (1) — Crown / regulator
  • HMRC must maintain and publish a register of qualifying lenders Statutory regulator

Part X — LOSS RELIEF AND GROUP RELIEF

s.379

Losses from UK property business.

Amended 5 times
s.392

Losses from overseas property business.

Amended 7 times
s.393

Losses: set off against profits of the same, or an earlier, accounting period.

Amended 20 times
s.403

Relief in respect of overseas losses of non-resident companies

Amended 19 times
s.411

Group relief by way of substitution for loss relief.

Amended 4 times

Part XII — SPECIAL CLASSES OF COMPANIES AND BUSINESSES

s.431

Meaning of “life reinsurance business”.

Amended 115 times
s.431

Meaning of “overseas life assurance business”.

Amended 115 times
s.431

Overseas life assurance business: regulations.

Amended 115 times
s.431

Meaning of “gross roll-up business”

Amended 115 times
s.431

Company carrying on life assurance business and other insurance business

Amended 115 times
s.432

Section 432B apportionment: non-participating funds

Amended 8 times
s.432

PHI business other than life assurance business — adjustment consequent on change in Insurance Prudential Sourcebook

Amended 8 times
s.434

Computation of losses and limitation on relief.

Amended 46 times
s.434

Additions to non-profit funds: amount of loss reduction

Amended 46 times
s.434

Capital allowances: management assets.

Amended 46 times
s.441

Treatment of UK land.

Amended 17 times
s.444

Transfers of business.

Amended 1 time
s.444

Transfers of business: election for transferee to pay tax of transferor

Amended 1 time
s.444

Transfer scheme transferring part of business: transferor

Amended 1 time
s.444

Transfer schemes: reduction of income of transferee

Amended 1 time
s.444

Transfers of business: modification of s.83(2B) FA 1989

Amended 1 time
s.444

Transfers of business: FAFTS

Amended 1 time
s.444

Parts of transfer scheme arrangements: life assurance trade profits advantage transferor

Amended 1 time
s.444

Section 444AF: “demutualisation transfer surplus”

Amended 1 time
s.444

Sections 444AF and 444AK: “relevant receipts reduction”

Amended 1 time
s.444

Interpretation of sections 444AF to 444AK

Amended 1 time
s.444

Transfers of life assurance business: gross roll-up business losses of the transferor

Amended 1 time
s.444

Modification of section 440.

Amended 1 time
s.468

Certified unit trusts.

Amended 23 times
s.468

Corporation tax: cases where lower rate applies.

Amended 23 times
s.468

Interpretation.

Amended 23 times
s.468

Cases where no obligation to deduct tax

Amended 23 times
s.468

Deduction of tax (mixed funds).

Amended 23 times
s.468

Residence declarations.

Amended 23 times
s.469

Court common investment funds.

Amended 27 times
s.472

Trading profits etc. from securities: taxation of amounts taken to reserves

Amended 4 times
s.480

Relevant deposits: computation of tax on interest.

Amended 1 time
s.494

Computation of amount available for surrender by way of group relief.

Amended 38 times
s.494

Sale and lease-back.

Amended 38 times
s.496

Exploration expenditure supplement

Amended 8 times
s.502

Lessor under long funding finance lease: rental earnings

Amended 13 times
s.502

Lessor under long funding finance lease making termination payment

Amended 13 times
s.502

Cases where ss. 502B to 502G do not apply: lessor also lessee under non-long funding lease

Amended 13 times
s.504

Letting of furnished holiday accommodation treated as trade for certain income tax purposes

Amended 16 times
s.506

Section 506A: exceptions

Amended 16 times
Browse 1 other section in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.501

Assessment, recovery and postponement of supplementary charge

Part XIII — MISCELLANEOUS SPECIAL PROVISIONS

s.539

Application of this Chapter etc. to policies and contracts in which persons other than companies are interested

Amended 16 times
s.552

Duties of overseas insurers’ tax representatives.

Unlimited fine Amended 54 times
  • Appoint and oversee an overseas insurer’s tax representative Any Person
s.553

Overseas life assurance business: capital redemption policies.

Amended 15 times
s.553

Personal portfolio bonds.

Amended 15 times
s.576

Qualifying trading companies

Amended 33 times
s.576

The trading requirement

Amended 33 times
s.576

The control and independence requirement

Amended 33 times
s.576

The qualifying subsidiaries requirement

Amended 33 times
s.576

The gross assets requirement

Amended 33 times
s.576

Relief after an exchange of shares for shares in another company

Amended 33 times
s.576

Interpretation of Chapter

Amended 33 times
s.577

Expenditure involving crime.

Amended 41 times
s.578

Expenditure on car hire

Amended 2 times
s.581

Interest on foreign currency securities etc.

Amended 1 time
s.587

Gifts of shares, securities and real property to charities etc

Amended 4 times
s.587

Qualifying interests in land held jointly

Amended 4 times
s.589

Counselling services for employees.

Amended 3 times
Browse 1 other section in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part XIV — PENSION SCHEMES, SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS, LIFE ANNUITIES ETC.

s.590

Section 590: further supplementary provisions.

Amended 35 times
s.591

Cessation of approval: tax on certain schemes.

Amended 12 times
s.599

Charge to tax: payments out of surplus funds.

Amended 14 times
s.606

Recourse to scheme members.

Amended 8 times
s.631

Conversion of certain approved retirement benefits schemes.

Amended 4 times
s.632

Eligibility to make contributions.

Amended 24 times
s.632

Eligibility to make contributions: concurrent membership.

Amended 24 times
s.634

Income withdrawals by member.

Amended 2 times
s.637

Return of contributions on or after death of member.

Amended 1 time
s.646

Earnings from associated employments.

Amended 13 times
s.653

Notices to be given to scheme administrator.

Amended 1 time
s.659

Interpretation of provisions about pension sharing.

Amended 1 time
s.659

Treatment of income from property investment LLPs

Amended 1 time
Browse 4 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part XV — SETTLEMENTS

s.660

Adjustments between settlor and trustees, &c.

Amended 2 times
s.685

Transfer between settlements: identification of settlor

Amended 2 times
s.686

Interpretation of section 686B

Amended 57 times
s.686

Special trust rates not to apply to first slice of trust income

Amended 57 times
s.686

Application of section 686D where settlor has made more than one settlement

Amended 57 times
Browse 4 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement

Part XVI — ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS IN COURSE OF ADMINISTRATION

s.699

Untaxed sums comprised in the income of the estate.

Amended 7 times

Part XVII — TAX AVOIDANCE

s.705

Proceedings in Northern Ireland.

Amended 11 times
s.726

New issues of securities.

Amended 1 time
s.730

Treatment of price differential on sale and repurchase of securities.

Amended 32 times
s.736

Quasi-stock lending arrangements and quasi-cash collateral

Amended 2 times
s.737

Interpretation of section 737A.

Amended 31 times
s.737

Deemed manufactured payments: further provisions.

Amended 31 times
s.741

Cases where there are both old transactions and new transactions

Amended 3 times
s.748

Exclusion of small profits exemptions

Amended 23 times
s.749

Elections and designations under section 749: supplementary provisions.

Amended 5 times
s.749

Interests in companies.

Amended 5 times
s.751

Reduction in chargeable profits for certain financing income

Amended 14 times
s.751

Reduction in chargeable profits: failure to qualify for exemptions

Amended 14 times
s.751

Reduction in chargeable profits following an exempt period

Amended 14 times
s.754

Returns where it is not established whether acceptable distribution policy applies.

Amended 23 times
s.755

“Control" and the two “40 per cent" tests.

Amended 1 time
s.762

Income treated as arising under section 761(1): remittance basis

Amended 17 times
s.767

Change in company ownership: postponed corporation tax.

Amended 3 times
s.767

Change of company ownership: supplementary.

Amended 3 times
s.768

Change in ownership of company with investment business: deductions generally

Amended 5 times
s.770

Provision not at arm’s length.

Amended 2 times
s.774

Disregard of intended effects of arrangement involving disposals of assets

Amended 6 times
s.774

Disregard of intended effects of arrangement involving change in relation to a partnership

Amended 6 times
s.785

Section 785B: lease of plant and machinery and other property

Amended 4 times
Browse 2 other sections in this Part — procedural / definitional / commencement
s.752

Section 752(3): the percentage of shares which a relevant interest represents.

Part XVIII — DOUBLE TAXATION RELIEF

s.801

Dividends paid out of transferred profits.

Amended 18 times
s.801

Separate streaming of dividend so far as representing an ADP dividend of a CFC.

Amended 18 times
s.804

Insurance companies carrying on more than one category of business: restriction of credit.

Amended 12 times
s.804

Interpretation of section 804C in relation to life assurance business etc.

Amended 12 times
s.804

Schemes and arrangements designed to increase relief

Amended 12 times
s.806

Eligible unrelieved foreign tax on dividends: introductory.

Amended 14 times
s.806

Onshore pooling.

Amended 14 times
s.806

Credit to be given for underlying tax before other foreign tax etc.

Amended 14 times
s.806

Interpretation of foreign dividend provisions of this Chapter.

Amended 14 times
s.806

Carry forward or carry back of unrelieved foreign tax.

Amended 14 times
s.807

Introduction to section 807G

Amended 11 times
s.808

Interest: special relationship.

Amended 5 times

Part XIX — SUPPLEMENTAL

s.827

Territorial scope of charges under certain provisions to which section 836B applies

Amended 17 times
s.836

Generally accepted accounting practice

Amended 1 time
s.836

Table of provisions to which this section applies

Amended 1 time
s.837

Meaning of “ oil and gas exploration and appraisal ”.

Amended 1 time
s.837

Meaning of “offshore installation”

Amended 1 time
s.840

Meaning of “tax advantage”

Amended 17 times
s.842

Local authorities.

Amended 31 times
s.842

Meaning of . . . “property investment LLP”

Amended 31 times

Schedules

s.sch019ab

Entitlement to certain payments on account

  • Submit claim for provisional repayment of pension‑related tax Trader
Browse 18 other Schedules — structural / supplementary
s.sch004a

CREATIVE ARTISTS: RELIEF FOR FLUCTUATING PROFITS

s.sch005aa

Charge to tax etc.

s.sch019aba

INTRODUCTORY

s.sch019b

Petroleum extraction activities: exploration expenditure supplement

s.sch028ab

Section 804ZA: prescribed schemes and arrangements

s.sch028b

Venture Capital Trusts: Meaning of “qualifying holdings”

Other sections — not classified into a Part

These sections exist in the Act but the contents-of-Parts walker did not place them under a Part. Likely amendments or sections inserted out of the original Part structure.

s.508

Investment trusts investing in housing.

Amended 8 times
s.508

Interpretation of section 508A.

Amended 8 times
s.611

Definition of relevant statutory scheme.

Amended 9 times
Browse 2 other unclassified sections
s.corporation tax: the non-corporate distribution ra

Corporation tax: the non-corporate distribution rate: supplementary provisions

s.determination of profits attributable to permanent

Determination of profits attributable to permanent establishment: supplementary provisions

Enforcement and responsible bodies

The regulators that administer or enforce this legislation.

HM Revenue & Customs

Tax collection, customs duties, national insurance, tax credits, and enforcement of the National Minimum Wage. Regulates all UK businesses for tax compliance …

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