Building and landscape services — commercial and industrial cleaning, window cleaning, pest control, landscaping, tree surgery and grounds maintenance — combine physical work at height, exposure to chemicals and biological hazards, and powered machinery. Your duties begin with keeping people safe under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and meeting your obligations as an employer.

On top of those foundations, the nature of your work determines which extra duties apply. Pest-control operators face biocidal-product authorisation and pesticide-competence requirements. Landscapers and grounds-maintenance contractors carry green-waste duty-of-care obligations and must not cause listed invasive non-native species to spread.

Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HASAWA)

The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 - primary UK workplace health and safety legislation establishing employer and employee duties. Pure data reference.

The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HASAWA 1974) is the primary legislation governing workplace health and safety in the United Kingdom. It establishes the legal framework for protecting the health, safety and welfare of people at work and those affected by work activities.

Legal status: Primary legislation - principal UK health and safety statute
Royal Assent: 31 July 1974
Came into force: 1 April 1975 (in stages)
Geographic scope: Great Britain (separate legislation applies in Northern Ireland)
Applies to: All employers, employees, self-employed persons, and those who control work premises
Primary duty (Section 2): Employers must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all employees
Duty to non-employees (Section 3): Employers must protect persons not in their employment (contractors, visitors, public) who may be affected by work activities
Employee duties (Sections 7-8): Employees must take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of others, cooperate with employers, and not misuse safety equipment
Enforcement authority: Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and local authorities
Maximum penalties (post-2008 amendments): Unlimited fines in Crown Court; imprisonment up to 2 years for individuals; up to 6 months and/or £20,000 fine in Magistrates' Court
Referenced by regulators: Cited in 31 regulatory documents in the ORDS (Office for Regulatory Delivery and Simplification) dataset
Secondary regulations: Enables creation of health and safety regulations (e.g. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, COSHH, Manual Handling)

Reasonably practicable: The Act uses the term "so far as is reasonably practicable" throughout. This means employers must balance the level of risk against the time, trouble and cost of controlling it. However, the law is weighted in favour of health and safety - employers must demonstrate that control measures would be grossly disproportionate to the risk before they can be considered not reasonably practicable.

Self-employed persons: The Act also places duties on self-employed persons to protect their own health and safety and that of others who may be affected by their work activities.

Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (legislation.gov.uk)

HSE - Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 guidance

What you need to do

1

Set up a safe operation and employ people

Whatever service you provide, start with the universal spine. Follow "Set up and run a safe building and landscape services operation" for your health and safety duties — including COSHH controls on cleaning chemicals and biocides, working at height, hand-arm vibration from powered equipment — plus fire safety, insurance, equality and data protection.
2

Meet your pest control, landscaping and waste duties

If you carry out pest control, use professional pesticides, remove green waste or work near invasive non-native species, you take on further duties. Follow "Meet your pest control, landscaping and waste duties" for biocidal-product authorisation, pesticide competence, waste carrier registration and invasive-species law.
3

Confirm you have covered everything

Finish with the building and landscape services compliance checklist to confirm your obligations are met.

Official sources

Authoritative starting points for building and landscape services businesses.

HSE: cleaning (opens in a new tab) HSE
HSE: biocides (opens in a new tab) HSE
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (opens in a new tab) legislation.gov.uk

Which building and landscape services regulations apply to your business

Environmental compliance for construction sites

Structural works compliance checklist

Film and TV production tax reliefs and regulation

Clinical governance and quality improvement

Excavation and foundation safety

What you need to do

Set up a safe operation and employ people

Meet your pest control, landscaping and waste duties

Confirm you have covered everything

Official sources

Related guides in Health & Safety

Environmental compliance for construction sites

Structural works compliance checklist

Film and TV production tax reliefs and regulation

Clinical governance and quality improvement

Excavation and foundation safety

What you need to do

Set up a safe operation and employ people

Meet your pest control, landscaping and waste duties

Confirm you have covered everything

Official sources