Pre-trading approvals UK-wide

Professional registrations: regulated sectors

Which business sectors require professional or regulator registration before trading, what the registration process involves, and how long it typically takes to obtain approval.

Guide summary

You must register with a sector-specific regulator before you can trade in regulated sectors like financial services, healthcare, childcare, gambling, or legal services. Operating without registration is a criminal offence and can lead to unlimited fines or imprisonment. Registration times vary from 24 hours (Companies House) to 12 months (FCA authorisation). Plan your application well ahead of your planned start date.

  • Register with the right regulator before you start trading
  • Check if your business is in a legally regulated sector
  • Operating without registration is a criminal offence
  • FCA authorisation takes 6 to 12 months
  • CQC registration takes up to 12 weeks
  • Food business registration is free and needs 28 days notice
  • Companies House online incorporation takes 24 hours
  • You may also need planning permission, premises licences, and HMRC registration
  • Keep paying annual fees and pass regular inspections
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Some business activities are so tightly regulated that you cannot legally trade without first registering with a sector-specific regulator. Unlike general business licences issued by local councils, these registrations involve demonstrating competence, meeting ongoing standards, and submitting to regular inspection.

If your business falls into a regulated sector, registration is not optional. Operating without it is a criminal offence and can result in unlimited fines, imprisonment, or both.

Why professional registration exists

Professional registration protects the public in sectors where poor practice could cause serious harm. It serves three purposes:

  • Competence assurance: Confirms that individuals and organisations meet minimum standards of knowledge, training, and capability.
  • Ongoing accountability: Registered businesses are subject to inspection, audit, and enforcement action if standards slip.
  • Consumer confidence: Registration gives customers and clients assurance that a business is legitimate and meets regulatory standards.

The registration process varies significantly between regulators. Some, like food business registration, are free and straightforward. Others, like FCA authorisation, involve detailed applications, business plans, and fees that can run into thousands of pounds.

How long registration takes

Lead times vary considerably between regulators. Plan your registration well before you intend to start trading, as delays can push back your launch date and result in lost revenue.

What registration typically involves

While each regulator has its own process, most professional registrations follow a common pattern:

  • Application form: Detailed information about your business, its structure, key personnel, and proposed activities.
  • Fit and proper person checks: DBS checks, financial history checks, and declarations of any previous regulatory action against key individuals.
  • Business plan or statement of purpose: How you intend to operate, your governance arrangements, and how you will meet regulatory standards.
  • Fees: Application fees vary from free (food business registration) to several thousand pounds (FCA authorisation). Some regulators also charge annual fees.
  • Pre-registration inspection: Some regulators, such as CQC, inspect your premises and operations before granting registration.

Once registered, you must comply with ongoing requirements including annual returns, periodic inspections, and notification of significant changes to your business.

How this connects to other approvals

Professional registration is usually one of several approvals you need before trading. You may also need general business registration (HMRC, Companies House), premises-related approvals (planning, building control), and activity-based licences (premises licence, waste carrier registration).

For a complete picture of what you need, see Approvals and registrations you need before trading.

Regulator registration portals