Getting started with import and export UK-wide

Export logistics and shipping documentation

Freight methods, Incoterms, commercial invoices, packing lists, and working with freight forwarders.

Guide summary

Choose your transport method (air, sea, road, rail) based on cost and speed. Use Incoterms to agree who pays for delivery and insurance. Prepare the right documents: customs declaration, commercial invoice, packing list, and transport document. Consider hiring a freight forwarder if you are new to exporting or have large volumes.

  • Choose air freight for fast, high-value items; sea for large volumes
  • Use Incoterms (ex: FCA, DAP) to agree who pays and when risk transfers
  • Submit customs declaration 30 minutes to 2 hours before departure
  • Prepare a commercial invoice with EORI numbers, HS codes, and Incoterms
  • Include a packing list and transport document (bill of lading or air waybill)
  • Get a certificate of origin if the destination country requires it
  • Hire a freight forwarder if you are new to exporting or have large volumes
  • Follow special rules for dangerous goods: ADR for road, IMDG for sea, IATA for air
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Successfully exporting goods requires understanding shipping methods, choosing appropriate Incoterms, preparing compliant documentation, and often working with professional freight forwarders who handle the complex logistics.

When to use freight forwarders

Recommended for businesses new to exporting, companies with large volumes or high-value items, and situations where you're not well-connected in the destination market. Freight forwarders book cargo, arrange insurance, handle customs clearance, oversee packing, and arrange storage.

Essential export documentation

Every export requires specific documents for customs clearance. Missing or incorrect documentation causes costly delays and penalties.

Special handling: dangerous goods

If exporting hazardous materials, you must comply with strict classification, packaging, and labeling regulations that vary by transport mode (ADR for road, IMDG for sea, IATA for air).